儿童文学翻译中文化因素的汉译策略

论文摘要

十七世纪在欧洲人们开始认识到儿童的独特身份,认识到儿童有自己的特点、兴趣和需要。伴随着人们对儿童的认识,儿童文学产生并发展起来。在中国,对儿童的认识始自二十世纪初,从那时起,大量外国儿童文学作品被介绍到中国来,促进了中国儿童文学的产生和发展。一代代中国儿童在众多世界优秀儿童文学作品的熏陶中长大。这些作品丰富了孩子们的精神世界,也使孩子们受到了教育。外国的儿童文学作品中必然包含丰富的外国文化因素。这些文化因素的翻译关系到儿童是否能比较容易地理解作品并产生理想的效果。本文所指的儿童是指6-12岁,即处于小学阶段的儿童。他们正逐渐获得独立阅读的能力,具备了一定的社会及文化知识,并且有强烈的好奇心和了解世界的欲望。他们生活在文化全球化的时代,世界各国的文化正在远远源源不断地通过各种方式接近并影响着他们。他们不再对外国的文化感到陌生和难以理解。所以当今儿童文学翻译中文化因素的汉译策略应当有别于以往的时代。本文将通过分析影响文化因素基本翻译策略即异化和归化的选择的主要因素:翻译目的、读者接受水平、社会意识形态、文本类型等,得出如下结论:在当今文化全球化的背景下,外国儿童文学中的文化因素应尽量多地予以保留,以适应时代的需要和当代儿童的特点,同时也要考虑他们的接受能力。也就是说,当前翻译外国儿童文学中的文化因素时应当以异化为主,辅之以归化、省略等方法。在此基础上,本文又以关联理论在翻译中的应用为指导,提出在运用异化为主、归化和省略等为辅的翻译策略时,要充分考虑到中国儿童的认知环境,让中国儿童能够以最小的处理努力取得最大的语境效应。最后以此为理论依据,分析对比了《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》四个中译本对各种文化因素的翻译,总结了如何根据处理努力和语境效应的大小来判断某种文化因素应该异化还是应该归化或者省略。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Approaching Children and Children’s Literature
• 1.1 The Development of People's Recognition of Children and Development of Children’s Literature
• 1.1.1 The Connection between the Development of People's Recognition of Children and Development of Children’s Literature
• 1.1.2 A Piagetian View on Children's Cognitive Characteristics
• 1.1.3 Children’s Linguistic Ability: a Prerequisite to Children’s Literature
• 1.2 Aspects of Children’s Literature
• 1.2.1 Definition of Children’s Literature
• 1.2.2 Classification of Children’s Literature
• 1.2.3 Functions of Children’s Literature
• Chapter 2 A Retrospect of Translating for Children in China and Studies on It
• 2.1 A Brief Historical Retrospect of Translating for Children in China
• 2.2 Studies on Children’s Literature Translation at Home and Abroad
• 2.2.1 Chinese Translators’Viewpoints on Translation of Children’s Literature
• 2.2.2 Studies of Children’s Literature Translation Abroad
• Chapter 3 The Relationship between Culture and Translation
• 3.1 Understanding Culture
• 3.1.1 Definitions of Culture
• 3.1.2 Characteristics of Culture
• 3.1.3 Basic Functions of Culture
• 3.2 Translation: a Cross-Cultural Communication
• 3.3 Translator: a Cultural Mediator
• Chapter 4 Selecting Foreignization as a Main Strategy to Translate Cultural Elements in Children’s Literature
• 4.1 An Overview of Domestication and Foreignization
• 4.1.1 A Historical Study of Domestication and Foreignization Abroad
• 4.1.2 A Historical Study of Domestication and Foreignization in China
• 4.2 The Selection of Domestication and Foreignization
• 4.2.1 The Illumination of Skopostheorie
• 4.2.2 Factors Constraining the Selection of Domestication and Foreignization
• Chapter 5 Foreigniztion-Oriented Strategies of Translating Cultural Elements in Children’s Literature within Frame of a Relevance Approach to Translation
• 5.1 A Relevance Approach to Translation of Cultural Elements
• 5.1.1 Translation Process: a Dual Ostensive-Inferential Process
• 5.1.2 Decisive Factors to Consider in Translation: Context and Mutual Cognitive Environments
• 5.1.3 To Obtain Relevance
• 5.2 Conclusion
• Chapter 6 A Case Study .
• 6.1 An Introduction to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Its Author
• 6.1.1 About the Author Lewis Carroll
• 6.1.2 About the Book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
• 6.2 Translation of Cultural Elements: a Case Study of Alice’s Book
• 6.2.1 Allusion
• 6.2.2 Weights, Measures and Numbers in Measurements
• 6.2.3 Elements Peculiar to the Natural Environment, Institutions and Conventions.
• 6.2.4 Rhetorical Devices
• 6.2.5 Proper Names
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements