美国总统就职演说辞：对照语句与英汉翻译

论文摘要

美国总统就职演说是世人瞩目的政治演说,其重要性不言而喻。每个总统的就职演说都是经过深思熟虑、反复润色的,力求在文本和遣词造句上标新立异,表现出驾驭语言的娴熟技巧,多数堪称精品,其中修辞手段的运用功不可没,有些名句广为传颂、英语学习者耳熟能详。美国总统就职演说中运用了丰富的修辞手法,以加强演说效果,既是演说辞的语言魅力所在,也是英汉翻译的难点。本文选取美国总统就职演说辞中对照辞格进行研究,先从演说中的对照语句入手,分析其分类特点、历时分布情况以及连接手段等,进而探讨其英汉翻译方法。研究方法包括列举法、对比法和归纳法。在回顾译界有关翻译标准的纷争后,笔者认为,总统演说中对照辞格的英汉翻译,应把忠实于原文意思放在首位,其次是忠实于原文形式；在主张“中国人讲中国话”的同时,还应结合“翻译美学”提炼出较为理想的翻译方法。研究发现,对照辞格在历届总统演说辞中的运用情况：由无到有、由少到多的趋势,以20世纪为最。纵观美国总统就职演说辞,可以发现,就职演说中的长句越来越少,短句越来越多,这一发展趋势更容易满足对照辞格在“语意上必须是相反或相立的,在结构上必须是相同或相似”的要求,也更有利于对照语句的运用。另外,以意合形式构成的对照语句在演说中也呈逐渐增多的趋势,说明了英语句子结构的历时变化。关于对照辞格的英汉翻译,本文先提出“对照”是antithesis的较理想汉语译名,然后提出该辞格应以直译为主,同时译文要考虑借鉴汉语的头韵、尾韵、四字格和文言句式,使译文有品味,有韵味,有美味,提高译文的注意价值和记忆价值。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 中文文摘
• Contents
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Tables
• Chapter Ⅰ Introduction
• 1.1 Significance and Purpose of This Research
• 1.2 Research Questions
• 1.3 Organization of This Thesis
• Chapter Ⅱ Literature Review
• 2.1 Public Speaking
• 2.1.1 Overview of Political Public Speaking
• 2.1.2 Brief Introduction to the Inaugural Addresses of the U.S. Presidents
• 2.2 Stylistics and Public Speaking
• 2.3 Rhetoric,Figures of speech and Public Speaking
• 2.3.1 Relationship among Public Speaking,Rhetoric and Figures of Speech
• 2.3.2 Figures of Speech Used in the Inaugural Addresses of the US Presidents
• 2.3.3 Antithesis Used in the Inaugural Addresses of the US Presidents
• 2.4 Theoretical Bases of This Research
• 2.4.1 Definition of Antithesis and Its Sub-categories
• 2.4.2 Verbal Communication,Pragmatic and Rhetoric
• 2.4.3 Brief Review of the Translation of Rhetoric
• 2.4.4 Beauty of Balance in Linguistic Structure
• Chapter Ⅲ Research Methodology
• 3.1 Data Collection and Corpus Used in This Thesis
• 3.2 Brief Introduction to the Four Different Chinese Versions of the Inaugural Addresses of the US Presidents
• 3.3 Methods of Analysis
• Chapter Ⅳ Analyses and Discussions
• 4.1 Classifications of Antithesis Sentences in IAUSPs
• 4.1.1 Formation of Antithesis in Inner-sentence Structures
• 4.1.2 Formation of Antithesis in Inter-sentence Structures
• 4.1.3 Two Other Formations of Antithesis
• 4.2 Distributive Features of Antithesis Used in IAUSPs
• 4.2.1 Distributive Features of Antithesis Used in Every 15 IAUSPs
• 4.2.2 Distributive Features of Antithesis Used in Six Developing Stages
• 4.3 Connectives of Antithesis in IAUSP
• 4.3.1 Antithesis Marked with Conjunctions,Adverbs and Prepositions
• 4.3.2 Antithesis Marked with Punctuations
• 4.3.3 Antithesis in the Same Sentences
• 4.4 Effect-driven Principle of Antithesis Used in IAUSPs
• 4.5 Antithesis in Paratactic Sentences
• Chapter Ⅴ Antithesis and Translation
• 5.1 Chinese Translated Term: on the Chinese Equivalent of Antithesis
• 5.2 Exploration of Methods of Translating Antithesis Sentences
• 5.2.1 Literal Translation
• 5.2.2 Free Translation
• 5.2.3 Combination
• 5.2.4 Alliteration & Rhyme
• 5.2.5 Four-Character Sentence & Classical Chinese
• Chapter Ⅵ Conclusion
• 6.1 Major Findings
• 6.2 Implications,Limitations and Suggestions for Future Researh
• References
• 攻读学位期间承担的科研任务与主要成果
• Acknowledgement
• 个人简历