英汉语量词隐喻相似性的认知对比研究

论文摘要

本文主要研究英汉语中量词隐喻相似性的认知特征和认知过程。本文共八章,分为五大部分:第一部分即第一章,讨论英汉语量词隐喻相似性对比研究的意义。第二部分即第二、三章,探究了量词的来源。基于例证,我们认为英汉语量词具有词汇化的特质,这是对量词进行界定和分类的决定性因素,也是二者进行对比的基础。同时借用范畴化、隐喻和主体识解的视角剖析了量词来源的认知机制。第三部分即第四、五、六章,是本文的核心,聚焦于情感量词隐喻相似性的认知对比研究。这一部分首先重访了量词隐喻相似性的类型,并基于小说、报刊、文集和日常用语等出现的情感量词短语的收集,摄取英汉语权威词典对情感量词的释义以及我们对情感量词隐喻相似关系的判定,借用王文斌(2007c)提出的主体自洽理论的观点,试图解析英汉语情感类量词隐喻相似性中不同的认知构建、认知基础和认知本质。情感大体上可从人的生理、行为和认知来分类,而且情感有两个纬度:心理唤醒(高或低)和效价(积极或消极)(Myers 2006:249)。我们认为情感量词是对人的外显情感(心理唤醒的生理表达和外在行为)和内隐情感(意识体验情感)进行量化的词。同时值得注意的是,在英汉语中存在大量的情感类量词隐喻。英语中有表外显生理表达的情感量词隐喻,如:“a ripple of applause”,“a fit of giggles”,“a stream of tears”;有表外显行为的情感量词隐喻,如:“a chorus of praise”,“a string of curse”,“a rain of congratulations”;有表内隐意识体验的情感量词隐喻,如:“a gush of enthusiasm”,“a cloud of suspicion”,“a tint of jealousy”等。而在相对应的汉语中,有表外显生理表达的情感量词隐喻,如:“一阵掌声”、“一阵咯咯笑”、“一股泪水”;有表外显行为的情感量词隐喻,如:“一片赞扬”、“一连串咒骂”、“一连串祝贺”;有表内隐意识体验的情感量词隐喻,如:“一股热情”、“一片疑惑”、“一丝妒意”等。主体自洽理论(王文斌2007c)是基于对概念合成理论的批评而提出的一种构建或解读自然语言意义的新理论范式。该理论更加强调语言意义动态生成的主体性,即主体具有的主观能动性、自主性和自为性。无论双域意义的构建还是解读,均需经历受自洽原则导引的四个认知机制:视角定位、连接、冲洗、合流。第四部分即第七章,扼要地从语言与思维的关系、语言与文化的关系两个方面探析了英汉语情感类量词隐喻相似性异同点的缘由。第五部分即第八章,是全文的结论。其结论如下:英汉两种语言中情感类量词隐喻相似性既有语言共性,又有语言个性。在认知构建上,尽管两者都遵循自洽原则导引,由施喻者自洽的视角定位、连接、冲洗、合流四个认知机制,但英汉构建中视角定位方式存在差异:英语以细节浏览为主,汉语以总体浏览为主;在认知基础上,英汉语情感类量词隐喻相似性均建立在类比、判断和推理的基础之上,但它们的推理模式不同:英语崇尚逻辑分析,汉语偏爱归类推理;在认知本质上,两种语言的相似性均是感知和范畴化的结果,但它们感知意象图式的类型和透明度有别:英语所感知的意向图式呈现多样化和层次性,而汉语感知的意象图式呈现单一化和刻板性;英语感知的意象图式较汉语具有更高的透明度。这些共性源自人类从宏观上对事物有共同的感悟和认知,其个性源于中西方思维和文化的差异:汉语受制于中国整体性思维与和谐文化的影响;英语则留有西方分析性思维和分解型文化的印痕。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The Significance of the Topic
• 1.2 The Study of the Metaphoric Similarity at Home and Abroad
• 1.3 The Organization of the Thesis
• 2 The Evolutionary Process and the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Classifier Lexicalization
• 2.1 The Origin of Classifiers in English and Chinese
• 2.2 A Modification of the Definition of Lexicalization
• 2.3 The Division of the Process of Lexicalization of Verb-Classifier Shift
• 2.4 The Evolutionary Process of Lexicalization of Verb-Classifier Shift 1
• 2.5 The Mechanisms Underlying the Process of Lexicalization of Verb-Classifier Shift
• 2.5.1 The Theories Applied to Explain the causes for the Lexicalization of Verb- Classifier Shift
• 2.5.2 The Cognitive Mechanisms Involved in the process of Lexicalization of Verb- Classifier Shift
• 2.6 Summary
• 3 Criteria for the Judgment of Classifiers and Our Hypotheses about the Metaphoric Similarity in Classifiers
• 3.1 Criteria of Classifier Lexicalization
• 3.2 The Features of Classifier Lexicalization
• 3.3 Criteria for the Judgment of Classifiers
• 3.4 The Classification of Classifiers in View of the Lexicalized Degree
• 3.5 Our Hypotheses Made about the Metaphorical Similarity in Classifiers
• 3.6 Summary
• 4 The Types of the Metaphoric Similarity in Classifiers
• 4.1 The types of the Metaphoric Similarity Revisited
• 4.2 The types of the Metaphoric Similarity in Classifiers
• 4.3 The Necessity of the Hybrid Similarity in Metaphors
• 4.4 Summary
• 5 The Theoretical Framework
• 5.1 The Theoretical Background
• 5.2 The Theory Utilized to Account for the Construction of the Metaphoric Similarity Shown in Emotional Classifiers
• 5.2.1 The Self-negotiation Principle
• 5.2.2 The Revised Cognitive procedure Governed by the SNP
• 5.3 Summary
• 6 The Cognitive Contrastive Study of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Classifiers
• 6.1 An Exposition about Contrastive Linguistics
• 6.2 The Definition of Emotional Classifiers
• 6.3 The Applied Corpus
• 6.4 The Similarities and Differences of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers in the Cognitive Construction
• 6.4.1 The Similarities of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers in the Cognitive Construction
• 6.4.2 The Differences of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers in the Cognitive Construction
• 6.5 The Similarities and Differences of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers on the Cognitive Foundation
• 6.5.1 The similarities of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers on the Cognitive Foundation
• 6.5.2 The Differences of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers on the Cognitive Foundation
• 6.6 The Similarities and Differences of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers in the Cognitive Nature
• 6.6.1 The Similarities of the Metaphorical Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers in the Cognitive Nature
• 6.6.2 The Differences of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers in the Cognitive Nature
• 6.7 Summary
• 7 A Brief Analysis of the Causes for Linguistic Universality and Particularity of the Metaphoric Similarity in English and Chinese Emotional Classifiers
• 8 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Academic Achievements and Awards
• Acknowledgements