汉语不赞同言语行为性别差异研究

论文摘要

自20世纪70年代初期,西方女权运动的兴起,语言的性别差异研究引起语言学家的关注。早期的研究主要集中在语音,词汇,句法等方面。随着言语行为理论的发展,言语行为作为话语行为的最小意义单位,成为实证研究的对象。与赞扬,请求,道歉等言语行为相比,国内有关汉语“不赞同”言语行为的性别差异研究相对不足。“不赞同”言语行为在日常生活中经常发生,而且它本身就是威胁面子的言语行为。说话者表达异议时必然运用一定的语用策略以取得良好的交际效果。针对这一情况,本文对汉语“不赞同”言语行为性别差异进行了研究,旨在探讨汉语“不赞同”策略选择上的性别差异。并试图对男女在此言语行为中存在的差异加以阐释。本文以言语行为理论、布朗和列文生的礼貌理论以及顾曰国的礼貌原则作为理论依据,通过语篇补全测试及访谈的方法收集数据。在前人相关研究的基础上,结合三个社会因素(社会地位,社会距离和受话者),设计了十个场景,以西南交通大学二年级的学生作为受试对象,T检验分析方法,分析男女在异议表达策略选择上的差异。研究发现,男女在选择异议表达策略上存在差异:女性较男性更多使用礼貌缓和策略,男性使用强化策略的频率高于女性。这种差异是男女心理特征以及在社会化过程中形成的性别角色的不同的反映。本研究有助于理解汉语语言性别差异以及语言性别差异的共性,对语言与性别研究者和汉语“不赞同”言语行为研究者们提供一定的指导,对对外汉语教学工作和跨文化交际有一定的启发。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Purpose and Research Questions of the Study
• 1.3 Significance of the Study
• 1.4 Organization of the Dissertation
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Literature Review on Disagreement
• 2.1.1 Definition of Disagreement
• 2.1.2 Distinction among Disagreement, Negation and Refusal
• 2.1.3 Previous Studies on Disagreement
• 2.2 Literature Review on Gender Differences in Disagreement
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Speech Act Theory
• 3.2 Brown & Levinson's Face Theory
• 3.3 Gu's Theory on Chinese Politeness
• Chapter 4 Methodology
• 4.1 Classification of Disagreement Strategies
• 4.2 Instrument
• 4.3 Subjects
• 4.4 Methods and Procedures of Data Collection
• 4.5 Methods of Data Analysis
• Chapter 5 Results and Discussion
• 5.1 Results
• 5.1.1 Overall Strategy Use in Disagreements
• 5.1.1.1 Mitigated versus Aggravated Strategies Use
• 5.1.1.2 Mitigated Strategy Use between Males and Females
• 5.1.1.3 Aggravated Strategy Use between Males and Females
• 5.1.2 Disagreement Strategy Use in Relation to Social Status
• 5.1.2.1 Mitigated Strategies versus Aggravated Strategies
• 5.1.2.2 Semantic Formulas of Mitigated Strategies and Aggravated Strategies
• 5.1.3 Strategy Use in Relation to Social Distance
• 5.1.3.1 Mitigated Strategies versus Aggravated Strategies
• 5.1.3.2 Semantic Formulas of Mitigated Strategies and Aggravated Strategies
• 5.1.4 Strategy Use in Relation to Sex of Addressee
• 5.1.4.1 Mitigated Strategies versus Aggravated Strategies
• 5.1.4.2 Semantic Formulas of Mitigated Strategies and Aggravated Strategies
• 5.2 Discussion
• 5.2.1 What the Overall Tendency of the Strategy Use Tells Us
• 5.2.2 Gender Differences of Strategy Use in Relation to Social Status
• 5.2.3 Gender Differences of Strategy use in Relation to Social Distance
• 5.2.4 Gender Differences of Strategy Use in Relation to Sex of Addressee
• 5.2.5 Analysis on the Cause of Gender Differences
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Summary of the Major Findings
• 6.2 Limitations of the Study
• 6.3 Suggestions for Further Studies
• Bibliography
• Appendices
• Appendix A: Questionnaire for pilot study
• Appendix B: Questionnaire for final study
• Appendix C Interview Questionnaire
• Acknowledgements
• Articles Published