论文摘要
背景:在国外著名的心脏中心,双向Glenn分流术(bidirectional Glenn shunt,BDG)被认为是一种低风险的手术技术而被普遍应用于严重的紫绀型先天性心脏病。然而在发展中国家,该术式应用较晚,累计手术数量及各方面的研究探索与先进中心仍然存在较明显的差距;对该术式的临床应用探讨及术后随访研究等相关的系统报道亦不多。目的:本文对本中心近年来所进行的57例双向Glenn术进行回顾性研究分析,旨在进一步明确双向Glenn术的适应症;评价该术对提高患儿血氧,促进肺血管发育,改善心功能等方面的确切疗效;探讨提高手术效果、减少术后并发症的影响因素。方法:自2000年8月至2007年12月间共有57例复杂的紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿在我中心接受了双向Glenn分流手术,包括SV 22例,TA 19例,PA/IVS伴TS、Hypoplastic RV 3例,PA/VSD伴Hypoplastic RV或L-TGA、SI共5例,D-TGA伴Unbalanced AVSD、PS 2例,DORV伴PS 6例。其中男性35例,女性22例;平均年龄:32.52±40.21 m(3~186 m);平均体重10.37±6.34 kg(5.0~32.5 kg);有11例患儿因同时合并左上腔静脉而接受了双侧的腔肺吻合术。患儿手术均在复合麻醉体外循环下完成,并且接受了术后有效的监护支持和院外定期的随访。手术前后分别监测SpO2、Hct、Hb的变化情况,比较肺动脉内径及Nakata、McGoon指数的数值,随访心超指标EDVI、ESWS、PSWS、PWT、EF和Vcf的改变,探讨手术方式及围术期处理措施。结果:术后平均机械辅助呼吸时间:25.04±21.13h(4h~186h,中位数24h);平均监护室滞留时间:3.62±4.73d(0.8~11d,中位数4d);平均住院时间:11.33±5.78d(6~28d,中位数9d)。全组病例无手术死亡,早期并发症有:胸腔积液、心功能不全、胸内出血、呼吸功能不全、乳糜胸、肺不张等。出院时,SpO2从术前平均的75.26±7.54%升至术后89.74±6.21%(P<0.01),且<3岁病例组SpO2的改善优于≥3岁组(90.81±4.53%vs 87.39±5.37%,P<0.05)。55例患儿得到有效随访,随访时间3月~5年8月,其中不明原因院外死亡1例,完成Ⅱ期TCPC术19例,其余存活病例仍在随访观察,等待Ⅱ期手术时机。期间,SpO2又降至平均85.62±7.41%(P<0.01);Hct由术前的平均54.24±10.61%降至49.72±11.28%(P<0.05);Hb从术前的平均203.51±28.17g/L降至171.34±26.77g/L(P<0.05);Nakata指数由术前的平均146.97±28.51 mm2/m2升至189.26±34.09 mm2/m2(P<0.05,n=46);McGoon指数由术前的平均1.21±0.31升至1.53±0.47(P<0.05,n=46)。随访心超指标,亦发现EDVI、ESWS及PSWS均较术前显著下降,PWT、EF和Vcf均较术前显著增加(均有P<0.05)。2例患儿随访发现存在解剖问题,分别为腔肺吻合口轻度狭窄和上腔静脉轻度狭窄,均于Ⅱ期手术时一并纠治。结论:双向Glenn分流术对于复杂紫绀型先心病患儿是很好的减状手术,术后可以增加肺循环血流量,提高周身血氧饱和度,改善紫绀,提高生活质量,且能有效改善心功能,促进肺血管的发育,为二期手术创造条件;手术适应症的合理选择、恰当的手术方式、正确的围术期处理、术后适当缩短Ⅱ期手术时间均是取得良好手术效果、减少术后并发症的关键。
论文目录
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