语义模糊的认知探索及其启示

论文摘要

很多世纪以来,人们在诸多研究领域追求精确,而且将此看作是认识世界和人类的最终目的。人们偏爱精确的知识,但是也意识到他们的确无法摆脱模糊。通常人们认为语言中内在的语义模糊亵渎了语言,尤其是意义的精确性。例如tall, heap, good和包含诸如此类词汇的句子在理解过程中都会产生语义模糊。本文意在借鉴模糊集理论,在认知语义范围内分析语义模糊,尤其是模糊词汇,并且对它的价值进行探讨,从而更正了语义模糊的传统观念。模糊语义在本文中具有其内在的特点。模糊限制语也可以挑战语义的精确度。笔者从语言学,心理学和哲学的角度解释了语义模糊的概念,区别了与模糊容易混淆的概念,阐述了它们之间的关系,从而提供了界定语义模糊的相对标准。语义模糊的理解是一项智力活动,范畴和原型理论能够很好地解释该理解过程。范畴在人类认知过程和语言学研究中有着不可忽视的重要性。本文在阐述范畴的经典理论,家族相似性和原型理论过程中,对语义模糊提供了认知更深层次的解释;通过探讨语义模糊的来源,更全面地揭示了语义模糊现象。笔者总结了三种语义模糊解码和编码的模型。心理语言学模型概括了心理词汇中语义模糊和记忆的关系。语义模糊与精确的相互转化模型表明了语义模糊在语言使用中的重要性。通过讨论语境对语义模糊的解释功能,笔者强调语义模糊并不妨碍人们的交流,相反可以促进交流的效率。作为语言学专业的学生,笔者发现语义模糊在英语教学,二语习得和词典编纂方面有重要的应用价值。它可以帮助老师和学生对模糊语义树立正确的态度,并且将模糊语义的精髓应用到教学过程和词典编纂。本文认为语义模糊不是语言中令人生恶的缺点,而是能够承载思想的有效工具,不仅可以应用在英语教学和词典编纂,而且对其他领域的研究都有启示。

论文目录

Synopsis

摘要

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 What Is Semantic Vagueness

2.1 The Characteristics of Semantic Vagueness

2.1.1 Borderline Cases

2.1.2 Lack of Well-Defined Extensions

2.1.3 Relative Definiteness

2.1.4 Susceptibility to Sorites Paradox

2.1.5 Standard-Sensitive Context Dependency

2.1.6 Ineliminability

2.2 Ambiguity, Generality and Vagueness

2.2.1 Ambiguity and Vagueness

2.2.1.1 Definitions of Ambiguity

2.2.1.2 Relationship between Vagueness and Ambiguity

2.2.2 Vagueness and Generality

2.3 Literature Review on Semantically Vague Language

2.4 Hedges and Vagueness

Chapter 3 Vagueness in Cognitive Semantics

3.1 Vague Meaning and concepts

3.2 Vagueness in Categorization

3.2.1 Categorization in Cognition

3.2.2 Importance of Categorization in Linguistics

3.2.3 The Classical Model of Category

3.2.4 Inadequacies of Classical Model

3.3 Family Resemblance Principle

3.4 Vagueness in Prototype Model

3.4.1 Prototypical Model of Category

3.4.2 Prototype and Lexical Meaning

3.4.3 Vagueness in the Prototype Effect

3.5 The Reasons for Semantic Vagueness

Chapter 4 Decoding and Encoding Models of Semantic Vagueness

4.1 Semantic Vagueness in Psycholinguistic Model

4.1.1 Semantic Vagueness in Mental Lexicon

4.1.2 Semantic Vagueness in Sentence Comprehension and Memory

4.2 Transition between Vagueness and Precision

4.2.1 Transition from Precision to Vagueness

4.2.2 Transition from Vagueness to Precision

4.3 The Explanatory Function of Context to Semantic Vagueness

Chapter 5 Implications of Semantic Vagueness in EFL/SLA and Lexicography

5.1 A Right Attitude towards Semantically Vague Language in EFL and SLA

5.2 Promotion of Vagueness-Oriented Learning Style

5.3 Semantic Vagueness and Vocabulary Competence

5.4 Semantic Vagueness and Communication Competence

5.5 Semantic Vagueness in Output

5.6 Application of Semantic Vagueness in Lexicography

5.6.1 Problems in Definition

5.6.2 Acceptability of Vague Words in the Defining Vocabulary

5.6.3 How to Define Vague Words in Dictionary

Chapter 6 Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion

6.2 Suggestions for Further Study

Works Cited

Acknowledgements

语义模糊的认知探索及其启示

论文摘要

论文目录

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