论文摘要
“图式”,源自于希腊,是人脑中关于外部知识的组织形式,是人们从过去经验中提取并作为人们行为的一种模糊指标。始于幼年,图式就一直在演变积累,并不断扩展纳入新经验,形成合理的语境及关联。在过去二十多年里,图式理论一直活跃于第二语言习得领域;许多学者把目光投向图式理论,试图用它去研究二语的听力和阅读过程,并取得了丰硕成果。作为一名口译学方向的学生,作者受此启发,试图将图式理论运用到口译领域,侧重探讨知识图式与口译的关系。根据Gile的精力分配模式和理解方程式,本文将着重探讨背景知识即言语外知识在口译理解记忆及表达过程中的作用。根据图式理论,头脑中的知识被组织起来形成相关的图式。在口译理解过程中,这些图式被激活以促进新信息的理解、编码及有效信息的提取,从而加强对源信息的理解。在口译记忆阶段,图式加强了译者的记忆,同时,图式在口译表达过程中对下文的预测也起到了关键作用。所以,在整个口译过程中,图式起到了关键性的作用,促进了口译的顺利进行。鉴于图式在口译过程中的重要作用,译者若想充分发挥其作用,那么构建充分的图式及在口译中适时激活相关图式则显得极为重要。因此,在口译训练过程中,图式理论不容忽视,教师应当教会译者如何激活及构建新图式以促进口译的顺利进行。综上,要成为合格的译者,语言知识、言语外知识及口译技巧都是缺一不可的。因此,译者必须扩展知识面,构建语言及对世界各领域的宏观知识图式以完成高难度的口译任务。
论文目录
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