关联—顺应模式下英语演讲中的语用标记语研究

论文摘要

本文通过对著名英语演讲词中语用标记语进行调查统计与分类,在关联-顺应模式下对语用标记语的功能进行阐释,研究演讲中语用标记语的产生与理解,并从中探索其使用特点和英语演讲者所使用的语言策略。通过文献回顾,我们发现,无论是代码模式、会话含义理论,关联理论还是语言顺应论,都无法全面地解释语言交际的本质,因此结合关联理论和顺应论,文章完善了原有的单从说话人的角度解释言语交际的关联-顺应模式,提出了一种从话语的产生和话语的理解两方面阐释言语交际的新型关联-顺应模式。在关联-顺应模式框架内,语用标记语是语言选择的结果,从说话人角度看,语用标记语是说话人使用的一种明示手段,是引导和制约听话人正确理解话语而选择使用的一种语言标记。而对听话人来说,语用标记语是为其找到满足最佳关联假设的语言解释的重要途径。语用标记语的使用反映了说话人对语境的一种顺应,它们不仅帮助说话人构建语篇,而且发挥不同的语用功能以促成交际。对听话人来说,语用标记语则可帮助他更好地理解语篇和推导说话人的话语意义。同时,语用标记语是说话人最大限度地减少听话人对话语进行加工处理所付出的努力、增强语境效果、取得认知和交际的最佳关联的最佳手段。在交际过程中,说话人不仅选择语言的形式,同时也选择交际策略。说话人选择了不同的语用标记语,也同时选择了不同的交际策略。本文正是以此为理论框架,对30篇著名英语演讲中的语用标记语进行了定量分析研究。统计数据结果表明,正如在会话中的使用那样,语用标记语在英语演讲中使用广泛,它不仅促进语篇连贯,而且发挥着多种语用功能。结合各类语用标记语,本研究发现,演讲中使用的语用标记语的普遍特征和策略是,在帮助构建语篇的同时,绝大多数标记语用来发挥阐述观点、表示前后信息对比关系、推理或总结标记等功能,以促成交际。该研究将对语用标记语的探讨引入英语演讲这个新领域,并将对日常交际中的演讲和语言习得与教学提供借鉴。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 General review of the studies of pragmatic markers
• 1.2 Previous studies on pragmatic markers
• 1.2.1 Previous studies abroad
• 1.2.1.1 Discourse-coherence perspective
• 1.2.1.2 Grammatical-pragmatic perspective
• 1.2.1.3 Relevance-Theoretical perspective
• 1.2.2 Previous studies in China
• 1.2.2.1 Liao Qiuzhong and K.K. Luke’s study
• 1.2.2.2 He Ziran and Ran Yongping’s study
• 1.2.2.3 Yu Guodong and Wu Yaxing’s study
• 1.2.2.4 Han Geling’s study
• 1.3 Significance and purpose of the present study
• 1.4 Structure of the thesis
• Chapter Two Defining pragmatic markers
• 2.1 Earlier definitions of pragmatic markers
• 2.2 The working definition of pragmatic markers
• 2.3 Classifications of pragmatic markers
• 2.3.1 Schiffrin’s classification
• 2.3.2 Maschler’s classification
• 2.3.3 Fraser’s classification
• 2.3.4 Other researchers’classifications
• 2.3.5 Classification in the Present Study
• 2.4 Features of Pragmatic Markers
• 2.4.1 Syntactic Features
• 2.4.2 Lexical Features
• 2.4.3 Phonological Features
• 2.4.4 Semantic Features
• 2.4.5 Pragmatic Features
• 2.4.6 Sociolinguistic Features
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 The Code Model
• 3.2 Grice’s Theory of Implicature
• 3.3 Relevance theory
• 3.4 Adaptation theory
• 3.5 Relevance-adaptation model
• 3.5.1 Yang Ping’s relevance-adaptation model
• 3.5.2 Relevance-adaptation model in the present study
• Chapter Four Study on Pragmatic markers in English public speeches based on the relevance-adaptation model
• 4.1 Public speaking and pragmatic markers
• 4.1.1 Defining public speaking
• 4.1.2 Features of public speaking
• 4.2 Pragmatic markers in public speeches
• 4.2.1 Data source of public speeches
• 4.2.2 Statistical approach to the data of different pragmatic markers
• 4.2.3 Quantitative results for pragmatic markers in English public speeches
• 4.2.4 Features of pragmatic markers in English public speeches
• 4.3 Pragmatic markers based on the relevance-adaptation model
• 4.3.1 Communication between speaker and audience in public speeches
• 4.3.2 Analysis on pragmatic markers in public speeches based on the relevance-adaptation model
• 4.3.3 Functions of pragmatic markers in English speeches based on the relevance-adaptation model
• 4.3.3.1 Elaborative markers
• 4.3.3.2 Contrastive markers
• 4.3.3.3 Temporal markers
• 4.3.3.4 Inferential markers
• 4.3.3.5 Self-assessment markers
• 4.3.3.6 Deference markers
• 4.3.3.7 Conversational management markers
• 4.3.3.8 Emphasis markers
• 4.3.3.9 Other markers
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Findings
• 5.2 Implications
• 5.3 Limitations
• 5.4 Suggestions for further research
• Appendix Sources of Data
• Bibliography