论英语“If”条件句中动词形式的语义

论文摘要

笔者试图在本文中以“构块语法(Construction Grammar)”为理论框架揭示英语“If”条件句中动词形式的意义。总的来说,哲学家从意义角度研究“If”条件句,而教学法语法学家从它的形式结构来探究它。“构块语法”则将二者的研究角度结合起来。这是Dancygier所提出的。这种方法着重于条件句形式的各个方面是如何产生条件句所要表达的各种意思的。条件句的种类很多,“If”条件句是其句法结构上最具代表性的一种。描述条件句应选择一些描述参数:如if p,(then)q结构,从句顺序,条件句和结论句的各种关系,if的角色。对条件句动词形式的描述主要有三类:教学法的描述,纯描述性的叙述和哲学性的描述。Dancygier认为将条件句分为“中性”或“开放”和“非真实”或“封闭”两类是不充分的。她运用“预示情态性(predictive modality)”和“后指(backshift)”两个概念将条件句分为“预测性”和“非预测性”两类。If从句的时间指称是建立在许多参数上的,其中动词形式扮演一个重要但非唯一的角色。还有一些其它因素对条件句的时间描述起作用:其它明确的时间指示;动词的语义类别(状态动词还是事件动词);语境;还有整个句子的解释是否是假设性的和是否是预测性的。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Preface in Chinese
• Abstract in English
• Abstract in Chinese
• Chapter One Introduction to Construction Grammar
• 1.1 Construction Grammar
• 1.2 Conditional as a category
• Chapter Two Introduction to "If" conditionals
• 2.1 "If conditionals as the broadest syntactic frame of conditionals
• 2.2 The form of "If conditionals
• 2.3 The varieties of "If conditionals
• 2.3.1 Temporal classification
• 2.3.2 Non-temporal classification
• 2.3.3 Dancygier's classification
• Chapter Three Approaches to the study of "If conditionals
• 3.1 Truth-conditional treatment
• 3.2 Pedagogic approach
• 3.3 Purely descriptive method
• 3.4 Constructional approach
• Chapter Four Basic parameters of conditionality
• 4.1 The if p, （then） q frame
• 4.2 Clause order
• 4.3 Types of protasis/apodosis relations
• 4.4 The role of if: its constructional meaning
• Chapter Five Verb forms in conditional constructions
• 5.1 A review of the existing accounts of verb morphology in conditionals
• 5.1.1 Pedagogical description
• 5.1.2 Descriptive account
• 5.1.3 Philosophical description
• 5.2 The indication of verb form
• 5.2.1 Time reference in hypothetical and open sentences
• 5.2.2 The fulfillment of the condition
• 5.3 Backshift in conditional constructions
• 5.4 Prediction and distance: two type of conditional backshift
• 5.4.1 Predictive modality
• 5.4.2 Hypothetical backshift
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• References