《绝望主妇》中副语言与会话隐含研究

《绝望主妇》中副语言与会话隐含研究

论文摘要

副语言和会话隐含是日常交际中的重要现象,在人们的日常交际中举足轻重、不可忽视。副语言不仅仅是语言的伴随物,也是言语交际不可或缺的因素,对会话隐含的表达和人们的情感显现起着重要作用,语言学家们对它们保持着浓厚的兴趣,关于副语言和会话隐含的研究也取得了丰硕的成果。然而,对副语言和会话隐含的研究多是孤立的,把副语言和会话隐含联系起来,探讨它们之间关系的研究却是凤毛麟角。因此把副语言和会话隐涵放在一起研究,不仅有利于我们更好的理解副语言,同时也能为会话隐含的研究打开新的视角。本文以美国热播剧《绝望主妇》为语料,试图分析副语言和会话隐含的关系以及副语言在会话隐含实现过程中的使用情况和作用。在诺厄.韦伯斯特(1983:853)定义的基础上,本文所指的副语言是狭义的,是指在人类交际中伴随、修饰话语或者是替代话语,能传达意义的声音效果,包括沉默和语空。本文首先回顾了国内外副语言和会话隐含的相关文献,着重探讨了副语言的定义,分类和会话隐含的推导机制等与本文密切相关的理论基础。在借鉴国内外学者的研究的基础上,本文对副语言进行了重新定义和分类。然后以此为基础展开研究。该研究的思路大体分为三步:语料选择,语料收集,语料分析。本文收集的会话隐含都是由于副语言使得语言的表达违反了格莱斯的方式准则而产生的。本文把副语言分为4类,并具体细化为15种具体的副语言次类,并以此作为语料收集、归类的依据,然后对语料进行细致的分析并得出结论。经过分类和研究,本文主要得出以下三个结论:一、在会话中,副语言和会话隐含的关系取决于副语言和语言的关系,当副语言和语言和谐时,即副语言和语言的字面意义相照应时,将不会有会话隐含产生;当副语言和语言不和谐时,即副语言和语言的字面意义不相照应甚至相反时,将会产生会话隐含;或者是副语言替代语言单独使用时也会产生会话隐含。二、在辅助语言时,副语言次类既可以单独使用也可以联合使用,但是联合使用的比率要远远低于单独使用的比率,而且联合使用遵循一定的规律:语音区别符号是必选的而功能性发音和语音替代符是可选的;而单独使用来修饰语言时,使用频率排在前四位的副语言次类是:语调,沉默,有声语言替代符和语空。三、副语言在言语交际中的作用可根据说话人和听话人分成两类:对说话人而言副语言具有明示作用;其次副语言是说话人内心情感表达的最便捷,最有力的方法;对听话人而言副语言是听话人选择认知假设的可靠依据,有利于认知语境的构建,从而完成推理过程,保证交际的顺利进行。最后本文指出了本研究存在的不足,并对以后的研究提出了建议。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Definitions and Classifications of Key Terms in This Thesis
  • 1.2 Necessity and Significance of the Research
  • 1.3 Framework of the Research
  • Chapter 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Research on Paralanguage and Conversational Implicature Outside China
  • 2.1.1 Research on Paralanguage
  • 2.1.2 Research on Conversational Implicature
  • 2.1.3 Research on Paralanguage for Conversational Implicature
  • 2.2 Research on Paralanguage and Conversational Implicature in China
  • 2.2.1 Research on Paralanguage
  • 2.2.2 Research on Conversational Implicature
  • 2.2.3 Research on Paralanguage for Conversational Implicature
  • Chapter 3 Research Design
  • 3.1 Research Questions
  • 3.2 Research Methods
  • 3.3 Research Process
  • Chapter 4 Results and Discussions
  • 4.1 Data Results
  • 4.2 Discussions on Four Research Questions
  • 4.2.1 Discussion on the First Research Question
  • 4.2.2 Discussion on the Second Research Question
  • 4.2.3 Discussion on the Third Research Question
  • 4.2.4 Discussion on the Fourth Research Question
  • Chapter 5 Conclusion
  • 5.1 Major Findings
  • 5.2 Limitations of the Research
  • 5.3 Suggestions for Further Research
  • References
  • Appendix
  • Acknowledgements
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    《绝望主妇》中副语言与会话隐含研究
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