跨文化交际语用失误探析及启示

论文摘要

经济的全球化和我国加入WTO对外语学习者的语用能力和我国的外语教学提出了越来越高的要求。近年来,众多的语言学者十分注重语言运用的研究,外语教育界也不断将研究成果应用于外语教学,所以外语学习者实际的语言运用能力已有长足的进步,但结果并非尽如人意。语用失误作为和语言、文化及交流密切相关的因素,一直是学术界和社会所重视的问题,仍然在困扰着语言学习者和语言教师。作为一种尝试性的深入研究,本文从跨文化交际双方的认知互动入手,分析并探讨了语用失误的本质。语用失误是在语言学、认知学和社会学领域广泛讨论的一个话题。“语用失误”这个概念首先由著名的语言学家托马斯提出。1983年,托马斯在其文章Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure中对语用失误加以定义并分析了其成因。作为语言教学和跨文化交际学中非常重要的问题,语用失误已经引起很多国内外学者的关注,很多学者对此进行了相关的研究。最早的研究是从跨文化交际的角度来分析语用失误,认为文化的差异如不同的价值观、思维方式和社会规范等是导致语用失误的主要原因。其它学者也从二语习得、外语教学、认知等不同的角度分析了语用失误,并提出了一些相应的解决方案和措施,如提高交际能力和语用能力等各种能力。本文以言语行为理论为框架,从跨文化交际双向认知互动角度来分析言语交际中的语用失误的本质。本文将语用失误实质界定为在交际过程中,交际双方在赋予了同一个词汇语法形式上正确的话语以不同的言外之力而导致的跨文化交际中断,即是因为言外之力未能得到最大化的实施而造成的一种所谓的跨文化语用失误。在跨文化交际中,交际的双方即表达者和接收者在编码和解码的各个层面中实施的是双向认知互动。语用失误可以发生在互动主体的任何一方,也可以发生在解码过程中任何一个层面。而交际互动可以使一些表层的语义失误可以在深层的编码和解码过程中使言外之力得到最大化的体现,从而使交际得以成功实现。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• 摘要
• Abstract
• Contents
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 The Significance of Research on Pragmatic Failure
• 1.2 The Purpose of the Research
• 1.3 Organization of the Dissertation
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Cross-cultural Communication
• 2.1.1 Understanding of Cross-culturai Communication
• 2.1.2 Communicative Competence
• 2.1.3 Pragmatic Competence
• 2.1.4 Communicative Competence and Pragmatic Competence
• 2.2 Definitions of Pragmatic Failure
• 2.2.1 Thomas' Definition
• 2.2.2 He Ziran's Definition
• 2.2.3 Qian Guanlian's Definition
• 2.2.4 Summary
• 2.3 Previous Studies on Pragmatic Failure
• 2.3.1 Accounts of Pragmatic Failure from Perspectives of Cultural Differences
• 2.3.2 Accounts of Pragmatic Failure from Perspectives of Second Language Acquisition
• 2.3.3 Accounts of Pragmatic Failure from Perspectives of Foreign Language Teaching
• 2.3.4 Accounts of Pragmatic Failure from Perspectives of Cognition
• 2.3.5 Accounts of Pragmatic Failure from Perspectives of Adaptation Theory
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter Three Pragmatic Failure--Theories Oriented
• 3.1 Speech Act Theory
• 3.1.1 Austin's Three-division for The Speech Acts
• 3.1.2 Understanding the Concept of Illocutionary Force and Its Significance
• 3.2 Models of Verbal Communication
• 3.2.1 Code Model and Inferential Model
• 3.2.2 Integrative Model
• Chapter Four On Pragmatic Failure
• 4.1 Main Part of Cross-cultural Communication
• 4.2 Process of Cross-cultural Communication:Two-way Cognitive Interaction
• 4.2.1 A Process of Constant Cognition of the Communicators
• 4.2.2 A Process of Interaction between the Communicators
• 4.3 Purpose of Cross-cultural Communication
• 4.4 Realization of Illocutionary Force
• 4.4.1 Seen from Perspective of Addresser:Proper Encoding,Improper Decoding
• 4.4.2.Seen from Perspective of Addresser:Improper Encoding,Proper Decoding
• 4.4.3.Seen from Perspective of Addresser and Addressee:Interaction
• 4.5 The Definition of Pragrnatic Failure in This Thesis
• Chapter Five Implications
• 5.1 Implications for Attitude toward Pragmatic Failure
• 5.2 Implications for Foreign Language Teaching
• 5.2.1 Improve Language Teaching Approaches And Concepts
• 5.2.2 Cultivating and Enhancing Cross-cultural Communicative Competence
• 5.3 Implications for Cultural Exchange
• 5.3.1 Enhance Cultural Exchange
• 5.3.2 Proper Attitude toward Culture
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Conclusions of the Study
• 6.2 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Future Research
• Bibliography
• 个人简历
• 发表的学术论文
• 攻读学位期间发表论文情况