非英语专业研究生在不同文体写作中词块变体运用的实证研究

非英语专业研究生在不同文体写作中词块变体运用的实证研究

论文摘要

在二十一世纪的第一个十年中,大学英语教学迎来了一次新的改革,改革的重点应该是改变大学英语教学的培养目标和教学模式,即强调学生的英语综合应用能力的培养,特别是语言产出技能的实践。因此,强调语言产出能力是至关重要的。然而,中国大学生的语用能力依然很薄弱,而且在英语写作中依然存在很多问题。很多研究表明词块在母语口语及书面语表达中具有很重要的作用。迄今为止,大量研究一致表明词块在二语习得中也起着基础作用,如加强学习者语言的习语性和流利度,帮助学习者习得语法规则等。但词块研究到目前为止在国内依然未得到人们充分重视。而且,就目前的词块研究来看,很多研究依然只是从理论层面探讨词块在二语习得中的作用及其应用于教学中的可能性,对词块变体的研究更是少之又少,学生所学到的大多是中性词块,因此,他们的语言缺乏得体性。很多研究者发现即使学生们已经掌握了许多语法规则,他们仍然不能得体地使用英语,即其语言缺乏情景变体。尤为重要的是,尽管词块研究在国外已得到一定的重视,而在国内,却还是一个新兴的领域,更不用说对中国英语学习者的词块运用研究,因此,依然有必要进一步拓展词块实证研究的领域,如词块变体的实证研究,以使词块研究能成为一个完整,独立的体系。本文是对中国非英语专业研究生所作的一项实证性研究。本研究从2007年9月开始,到12月结束。研究者根据实际情况从兰州交通大学非英语专业研究生中选取了113名受试。旨在通过一定规模的调查来探索词块能力与英语写作能力,以及词块运用的得体性与英语写作能力的关系。本调查采用了以语料库为基础设计的词块能力测试卷来获取学生英语词块识别能力和产出能力的有关数据,并收集了四种不同文体风格的学生作文(其中包括;一篇评论文,一篇图表说明文,私人书信,求职信各一篇),并从以下七个方面对学生的作文进行评价,即,内容,文章组织,语法,词汇及词块运用能力,灵活多变的句子模式及语言运用的得体性,标点符号及拼写,衔接与连贯。此成绩将作为学生英语写作水平和能力的指标。最后,研究者还通过问卷调查以了解中国非英语专业学生英语词块能力的现状以及学生们对词块,文体与语体的意识。然后用社科统计软件包(SPSS)对所收集的数据进行处理。并得到以下结论:1.词块在研究生英语作文中起着重要的作用。学生的作文得分越高,其运用词块的能力越强,而且运用词块的频率越高;2.词块能力与写作能力显著相关,即,写作能力越高,词块运用能力越强,反之亦然。而且,词块运用越得体,语篇越连贯;3.在四种不同文体的写作中,评论文的写作学生的表现最好,表明学生所掌握的是一些中性词块。而图表说明文的写作表现最差,说明学生们不熟悉这种写作文体。个人书信与求职信的写作相比,个人书信的表现较好,暗示着在英语写作中,学生们倾向于运用口语化的语言。4.词块能力是写作能力的重要因素之一,但不是唯一因素。低水平的作文不只是因为词块能力较弱,其原因是多方面的。5.中国非英语专业研究生的词块能力总体来说还比较欠缺,仍未达到应有水平,他们学到的大多是中性词块,即其词块缺乏变体。本文试图对学习者在不同文体风格的作文中词块运用情况进行研究,并探讨词块在中国大学教学中的可行性与重要性。同时,作者也试图探讨外语学习的内在原理,这不但对广大外语学习者来说是极为重要的,而且也是当前的外语教学迫切需要解决的问题。全文共分九章。第一章简要介绍了研究背景,目的及词块的定义和分类;第二章阐述了国内外研究者对词块所作的相关研究以及目前词块研究方面存在的不足;第三章为本研究的理论基础;第四章详细描述了研究方法和过程,包括受试,研究问题,测试设计等。第五章和第六章是本文的重点,对调查和问卷中所得到的数据分别进行分析和讨论,得出主要的研究结果和结论。第七章讨论了学习者在英语写作中词块运用的主要问题和错误,并探讨了引起这些问题的根源以及母语和外语两种学习的巨大差异;第八章探讨了本研究对英语教学的一些启示。第九章总结了本研究的结果,指出了本研究的不足,并对今后的进一步研究提出了建议。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 The research background
  • 1.2 An introduction to chunks
  • 1.3 Research Objective
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 The previous study on chunk abroad
  • 2.2 Chunk studies at home
  • 2.3 The summary on previous studies and the limit of the present studies on chunks
  • Chapter Three Theoretical Frameworks
  • 3.1 Cognitive theory
  • 3.2 Connectionism: It actually serves as a paradigm of learning covering both neural networks and parallel distributed processing (PDP)
  • 3.3 The competition model
  • 3.4 Chunking theory
  • 3.5 Register theory
  • Chapter Four Empirical Research Design
  • 4.1 Questions
  • 4.2 Research methodology
  • 4.2.1 Participants of the study
  • 4.2.2 Instrument of the study
  • 4.2.3 Procedures of study
  • Chapter Five Results and Discussions for the Survey
  • 5.1 Descriptive analysis statistic for multiple-choice and translation
  • 5.2 Descriptive analysis statistic for seven items of four writing
  • 5.2.1 The relationship between chunk number and the whole quality of EFL learners’writing.
  • 5.3 Descriptive analysis statistic for four different stylistic writing and correlation between chunk competence and the quality of EFL learners’writing
  • 5.3.1 Correlation between chunk competence and graph showing
  • 5.3.2 Correlation between chunk competence and letter of application
  • 5.3.3 Correlation between chunk competence and person letter
  • 5.3.4 Chunk competence and remark
  • Chapter Six Questionnaire Investigation and Data Analysis
  • 6.1 Analyzing the data of the questionnaire to learners
  • 6.2 Results and implication
  • Chapter Seven Further Discussion
  • 7.1 The errors of learners’use of chunks and the problems in students’writing
  • 7.2 The differences between native language acquisition and foreign language learning
  • 7.2.1 The difference between natural acquisition setting and traditional instructional setting
  • 7.2.2 The difference between knowing about world and culture and learning language itself
  • 7.2.3 The difference between context acquisition and definition-based learning
  • 7.2.4 The difference between memory-based formulaic system and rule-based analytical system
  • Chapter Eight Teaching Implication
  • 8.1 The functions of chunk
  • 8.1.1 Nativelike selection & nativelike fluency
  • 8.1.2 Lexical chunks provide motivation
  • 8.1.3 Supporting the social interaction
  • 8.1.4 Help internalize and establish grammatical rules
  • 8.1.5 Facilitate the acquisition of the deeper and wider lexical knowledge
  • 8.1.6 Discourse functions of lexical chunks
  • 8.1.7 Lexical Chunks as a harmonious balance between the structural approach and the communicative approach
  • 8.2 Pedagogical implications
  • 8.2.1 Teaching chunks from context
  • 8.2.2 Culture awareness in chunk teaching
  • 8.2.3 Richards’eight assumptions about what it means to know a word and its teaching implications to foreign language teaching
  • 8.2.4 Teaching chunk variation
  • Chapter Nine Conclusions, Limitations and Suggests for Future
  • 9.1 Conclusions
  • 9.2 Limitations of the present research and suggests for further study
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix I
  • Appendix II
  • Appendix III
  • Acknowledgements
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    非英语专业研究生在不同文体写作中词块变体运用的实证研究
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