本文主要研究内容
作者程梦珺(2019)在《粪肠球菌噬菌体EF-P10及其裂解酶生物学特性与实验治疗的研究》一文中研究指出:细菌耐药性问题日趋严重,使得有些细菌感染达到了无药可用的境地,因此研发新型抗菌药物成为人们关注的焦点。噬菌体及其裂解酶可以特异、高效地裂解细菌,成为治疗细菌性感染,特别是耐药性细菌感染的一种新型生物制剂,展现出了巨大的应用潜力。粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)是一种机会致病菌,可以造成多种局部或全身性的感染性疾病。由于抗生素的滥用和粪肠球菌对许多抗生素的固有耐药,使得临床上由治疗粪肠球菌造成的感染变得非常困难。本研究以耐万古霉素粪肠球菌噬菌体EF-P10及其裂解酶LysEF-P10为研究对象,对其作为抗菌制剂的应用潜力及其裂解机制进行了系统研究。本研究首先获得了40株多重耐药的粪肠球菌,并以耐万古霉素的粪肠球菌(Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis,VREF)N10为宿主菌从污水中分离并纯化得到了一株烈性噬菌体EF-P10,透射电镜显示其属于长尾噬菌体科,基因组类型鉴定表明EF-P10为双链DNA病毒。EF-P10对其宿主菌表现出了高效的杀菌活性,但裂解谱较窄。对EF-P10进行了全基因组测序,发现EF-P10全长为57 408 bp,具有127个开放阅读框,比对和分析结果表明ORF60所编码的蛋白为其裂解酶LysEF-P10。对LysEF-P10进行了原核表达与纯化,体外实验表明,LysEF-P10具有高效的杀菌活性,其裂解谱远远宽于亲本噬菌体。将粪肠球菌与LysEF-P10连续作用多代不会诱导细菌对LysEF-P10产生抗性,预示其有广阔的应用前景。随后,本研究对LysEF-P10的结构和功能进行了深入研究,通过氨基酸序列比对和分析可知,LysEF-P10包含一个N端CHAP结构域(LysEF-P10C)和C端的假定细胞壁结合结构域(LysEF-P10B)。为了验证各结构域的功能,分别对LysEF-P10C和LysEF-P10B进行了原核表达和纯化。体外杀菌实验表明单独的LysEF-P10C和LysEF-P10B都不具有杀菌活性,只有完整的全酶才具有活性。为了直观地看到与宿主菌结合的结构域,将LysEF-P10C、LysEF-P10B分别和GFP蛋白进行融合,得到LysEF-P10C-GFP和LysEF-P10B-GFP融合蛋白,并用激光共聚焦显微镜检测两个融合蛋白与粪肠球菌N10的结合能力,结果只有LysEF-P10B-GFP能与粪肠球菌N10发生特异性结合,表明LysEF-P10B是LysEF-P10中发挥结合作用的结构域。以金黄色葡萄球菌噬菌体裂解酶LysGH15的CHAP片段为模板,预测得到了置信度为100%的LysEF-P10C的3D结构,二者在结构上具有很高的同源性。通过序列比对和构建的3D结构模型,预测得到了LysEF-P10C中可能的关键氨基酸位点D20、D22、D31、C29、H90和N110,并将这些位点逐一单位点突变为丙氨酸。圆二色谱结果表明,突变前后蛋白的二级结构没有发生改变。体外杀菌活性表明,EDTA处理后LysEF-P10的活性全部丧失,回补Ca2+活性恢复,这表明Ca2+对维持LysEF-P10的杀菌活性是必需的;D20A、D22A和D31A突变体蛋白活性全部丧失,ICP-AES结果表明突变后Ca2+含量显著降低,回补Ca2+后突变体蛋白活性并没有恢复,这表明D20、D22和D31是结合Ca2+的关键位点;C29A、H90A和N110A突变体蛋白的活性也全部丧失,但ICP-AES结果表明突变后Ca2+含量没有显著变化,说明这三个位点是起催化作用的关键位点。本文进一步评价了LysEF-P10在体内的治疗效果、免疫原性、对肠道菌群的影响及其安全性。治疗实验表明,攻菌后1 h腹腔注射5.0μg LysEF-P10就可以100%保护感染致死剂量VREF的小鼠,且显著降低小鼠血液中的载菌量。免疫原性实验表明LysEF-P10可以诱导小鼠产生针对LysEF-P10的特异性抗体,一次性注射5.0μg LysEF-P10后的第三周抗体滴度达到最高(1:100),主要抗体类型为IgG。中和实验表明anti-LysEF-P10的抗体并不会影响LysEF-P10在体外的杀菌活性,同时体内实验也表明特异性抗体不会影响LysEF-P10在体内的治疗效果。为了评价LysEF-P10在体内应用时对肠道菌群的影响,对小鼠粪便中的细菌进行16S rRNA测序分析,结果表明,当给小鼠腹腔注射致死剂量的VREF 24 h后小鼠粪便中肠球菌属细菌的丰度显著升高,肠道菌群平衡状态受到干扰;攻菌后1 h用5.0μg LysEF-P10对其进行治疗,小鼠粪便中肠球菌属细菌的丰度显著降低,肠道菌群的失衡状态得到一定程度的恢复。单独腹腔注射100.0μg LysEF-P10也会在24 h内使小鼠粪便中肠球菌属细菌的丰度显著降低。对小鼠的安全性试验表明,即使腹腔注射大剂量LysEF-P10(5.0 mg)也不会对小鼠产生明显的副作用,表明LysEF-P10在体内应用时具有良好的安全性。综上所述,本研究为全面解析粪肠球菌噬菌体及其裂解酶的生物学特性以及LysEF-P10在治疗多重耐药粪肠球菌感染中应用打下了坚实的理论与实验基础。
Abstract
xi jun nai yao xing wen ti ri qu yan chong ,shi de you xie xi jun gan ran da dao le mo yao ke yong de jing de ,yin ci yan fa xin xing kang jun yao wu cheng wei ren men guan zhu de jiao dian 。shi jun ti ji ji lie jie mei ke yi te yi 、gao xiao de lie jie xi jun ,cheng wei zhi liao xi jun xing gan ran ,te bie shi nai yao xing xi jun gan ran de yi chong xin xing sheng wu zhi ji ,zhan xian chu le ju da de ying yong qian li 。fen chang qiu jun (Enterococcus faecalis)shi yi chong ji hui zhi bing jun ,ke yi zao cheng duo chong ju bu huo quan shen xing de gan ran xing ji bing 。you yu kang sheng su de lan yong he fen chang qiu jun dui hu duo kang sheng su de gu you nai yao ,shi de lin chuang shang you zhi liao fen chang qiu jun zao cheng de gan ran bian de fei chang kun nan 。ben yan jiu yi nai mo gu mei su fen chang qiu jun shi jun ti EF-P10ji ji lie jie mei LysEF-P10wei yan jiu dui xiang ,dui ji zuo wei kang jun zhi ji de ying yong qian li ji ji lie jie ji zhi jin hang le ji tong yan jiu 。ben yan jiu shou xian huo de le 40zhu duo chong nai yao de fen chang qiu jun ,bing yi nai mo gu mei su de fen chang qiu jun (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis,VREF)N10wei su zhu jun cong wu shui zhong fen li bing chun hua de dao le yi zhu lie xing shi jun ti EF-P10,tou she dian jing xian shi ji shu yu chang wei shi jun ti ke ,ji yin zu lei xing jian ding biao ming EF-P10wei shuang lian DNAbing du 。EF-P10dui ji su zhu jun biao xian chu le gao xiao de sha jun huo xing ,dan lie jie pu jiao zhai 。dui EF-P10jin hang le quan ji yin zu ce xu ,fa xian EF-P10quan chang wei 57 408 bp,ju you 127ge kai fang yue dou kuang ,bi dui he fen xi jie guo biao ming ORF60suo bian ma de dan bai wei ji lie jie mei LysEF-P10。dui LysEF-P10jin hang le yuan he biao da yu chun hua ,ti wai shi yan biao ming ,LysEF-P10ju you gao xiao de sha jun huo xing ,ji lie jie pu yuan yuan kuan yu qin ben shi jun ti 。jiang fen chang qiu jun yu LysEF-P10lian xu zuo yong duo dai bu hui you dao xi jun dui LysEF-P10chan sheng kang xing ,yu shi ji you an kuo de ying yong qian jing 。sui hou ,ben yan jiu dui LysEF-P10de jie gou he gong neng jin hang le shen ru yan jiu ,tong guo an ji suan xu lie bi dui he fen xi ke zhi ,LysEF-P10bao han yi ge Nduan CHAPjie gou yu (LysEF-P10C)he Cduan de jia ding xi bao bi jie ge jie gou yu (LysEF-P10B)。wei le yan zheng ge jie gou yu de gong neng ,fen bie dui LysEF-P10Che LysEF-P10Bjin hang le yuan he biao da he chun hua 。ti wai sha jun shi yan biao ming chan du de LysEF-P10Che LysEF-P10Bdou bu ju you sha jun huo xing ,zhi you wan zheng de quan mei cai ju you huo xing 。wei le zhi guan de kan dao yu su zhu jun jie ge de jie gou yu ,jiang LysEF-P10C、LysEF-P10Bfen bie he GFPdan bai jin hang rong ge ,de dao LysEF-P10C-GFPhe LysEF-P10B-GFProng ge dan bai ,bing yong ji guang gong ju jiao xian wei jing jian ce liang ge rong ge dan bai yu fen chang qiu jun N10de jie ge neng li ,jie guo zhi you LysEF-P10B-GFPneng yu fen chang qiu jun N10fa sheng te yi xing jie ge ,biao ming LysEF-P10Bshi LysEF-P10zhong fa hui jie ge zuo yong de jie gou yu 。yi jin huang se pu tao qiu jun shi jun ti lie jie mei LysGH15de CHAPpian duan wei mo ban ,yu ce de dao le zhi xin du wei 100%de LysEF-P10Cde 3Djie gou ,er zhe zai jie gou shang ju you hen gao de tong yuan xing 。tong guo xu lie bi dui he gou jian de 3Djie gou mo xing ,yu ce de dao le LysEF-P10Czhong ke neng de guan jian an ji suan wei dian D20、D22、D31、C29、H90he N110,bing jiang zhe xie wei dian zhu yi chan wei dian tu bian wei bing an suan 。yuan er se pu jie guo biao ming ,tu bian qian hou dan bai de er ji jie gou mei you fa sheng gai bian 。ti wai sha jun huo xing biao ming ,EDTAchu li hou LysEF-P10de huo xing quan bu sang shi ,hui bu Ca2+huo xing hui fu ,zhe biao ming Ca2+dui wei chi LysEF-P10de sha jun huo xing shi bi xu de ;D20A、D22Ahe D31Atu bian ti dan bai huo xing quan bu sang shi ,ICP-AESjie guo biao ming tu bian hou Ca2+han liang xian zhe jiang di ,hui bu Ca2+hou tu bian ti dan bai huo xing bing mei you hui fu ,zhe biao ming D20、D22he D31shi jie ge Ca2+de guan jian wei dian ;C29A、H90Ahe N110Atu bian ti dan bai de huo xing ye quan bu sang shi ,dan ICP-AESjie guo biao ming tu bian hou Ca2+han liang mei you xian zhe bian hua ,shui ming zhe san ge wei dian shi qi cui hua zuo yong de guan jian wei dian 。ben wen jin yi bu ping jia le LysEF-P10zai ti nei de zhi liao xiao guo 、mian yi yuan xing 、dui chang dao jun qun de ying xiang ji ji an quan xing 。zhi liao shi yan biao ming ,gong jun hou 1 hfu qiang zhu she 5.0μg LysEF-P10jiu ke yi 100%bao hu gan ran zhi si ji liang VREFde xiao shu ,ju xian zhe jiang di xiao shu xie ye zhong de zai jun liang 。mian yi yuan xing shi yan biao ming LysEF-P10ke yi you dao xiao shu chan sheng zhen dui LysEF-P10de te yi xing kang ti ,yi ci xing zhu she 5.0μg LysEF-P10hou de di san zhou kang ti di du da dao zui gao (1:100),zhu yao kang ti lei xing wei IgG。zhong he shi yan biao ming anti-LysEF-P10de kang ti bing bu hui ying xiang LysEF-P10zai ti wai de sha jun huo xing ,tong shi ti nei shi yan ye biao ming te yi xing kang ti bu hui ying xiang LysEF-P10zai ti nei de zhi liao xiao guo 。wei le ping jia LysEF-P10zai ti nei ying yong shi dui chang dao jun qun de ying xiang ,dui xiao shu fen bian zhong de xi jun jin hang 16S rRNAce xu fen xi ,jie guo biao ming ,dang gei xiao shu fu qiang zhu she zhi si ji liang de VREF 24 hhou xiao shu fen bian zhong chang qiu jun shu xi jun de feng du xian zhe sheng gao ,chang dao jun qun ping heng zhuang tai shou dao gan rao ;gong jun hou 1 hyong 5.0μg LysEF-P10dui ji jin hang zhi liao ,xiao shu fen bian zhong chang qiu jun shu xi jun de feng du xian zhe jiang di ,chang dao jun qun de shi heng zhuang tai de dao yi ding cheng du de hui fu 。chan du fu qiang zhu she 100.0μg LysEF-P10ye hui zai 24 hnei shi xiao shu fen bian zhong chang qiu jun shu xi jun de feng du xian zhe jiang di 。dui xiao shu de an quan xing shi yan biao ming ,ji shi fu qiang zhu she da ji liang LysEF-P10(5.0 mg)ye bu hui dui xiao shu chan sheng ming xian de fu zuo yong ,biao ming LysEF-P10zai ti nei ying yong shi ju you liang hao de an quan xing 。zeng shang suo shu ,ben yan jiu wei quan mian jie xi fen chang qiu jun shi jun ti ji ji lie jie mei de sheng wu xue te xing yi ji LysEF-P10zai zhi liao duo chong nai yao fen chang qiu jun gan ran zhong ying yong da xia le jian shi de li lun yu shi yan ji chu 。
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论文作者分别是来自吉林大学的程梦珺,发表于刊物吉林大学2019-06-25论文,是一篇关于粪肠球菌论文,噬菌体论文,裂解酶论文,关键氨基酸位点论文,肠道菌群论文,吉林大学2019-06-25论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自吉林大学2019-06-25论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
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