切斯特曼期待规范论视角下的法律翻译

论文摘要

长期以来,对原语的忠实一直是法律翻译所强调的最为重要的翻译原则之一。但就其本质而言,法律翻译是一门语言学科,目的语的读者以及读者期待也应该是法律翻译所必须考虑的因素。在以往的翻译实践中,译者往往受制于法律文本的权威性,严谨性和准确性的要求,提倡以直译方法处理法律文本,由于过分强调对原语的忠实,进而造成法律翻译的译者在翻译过程中多以原文的句式结构、语言习惯、语言表达和逻辑思路等翻译法律文本,造成了读者的误解,损害了法律翻译的准确性。基于此,本文提出法律翻译中,在坚持对原文忠实的基础之上,还必须要重视目的语读者的期待。许多翻译家都曾谈到过对读者的重视,其中,赫尔辛基大学切斯特曼教授提出的期待规范理论更是把对读者的重视提升到了规范的高度,认为译者应当遵从翻译中的读者期待规范。本文回顾了彻斯特曼理论的发展,以其中的期待规范理论为视角,将法律翻译研究的重点从对原语的忠实转到对目的语读者期待的重视,通过汉英两种法律语言特点的对比,提出了法律英语在词汇,句法,文体方面的特点,呼吁译者加强对目标语读者的期待的重视,认为切斯特曼理论这一通常用于文学翻译的理论可以适用于法律翻译理论框架的建构和指导法律翻译实践,并提出了实现读者期待的策略和对译者的基本要求。综上,法律翻译应当在原语和目的语的双重照顾下进行,即考虑到保全原语特殊成分,也要采用符合目的语读者的期待的形式,只有这样,法律翻译才能有效的进行,才能促进中国法律的传播和与其它国家间的有效交流。

论文目录

Acknowledgements

Abstract

摘要

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale of the study

1.2 Thesis statement

1.3 Purpose of the study

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Lay-out of the study

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The development of Chesterman’s norm theory

2.1.1 An introduction to polysystem theory

2.1.2 The concept of norms

2.1.3 Toury’s norm theory

2.2 Chesterman’s theory of translation norms

2.2.1 Expectancy norms

2.2.2 Professional norms

2.3 Previous studies on Chesterman’s idea

CHAPTER THREE EXPECTANCY NORMS FOR LEGAL TRANSLATION

3.1 Expectancy norms at lexical level

3.1.1 Lexical features of legal English

3.1.1.1 Latin and French words

3.1.1.2 Archaic adverbs and prepositional phrases

3.1.1.3 Formal words

3.1.1.4 Vague words

3.1.1.5 Legal terms

3.1.1.6 Doublets and triplets

3.1.2 Lexical features of legal Chinese

3.2 Expectancy norms at syntactical level

3.2.1 Syntactical features of legal English

3.2.1.1 Long sentences

3.2.1.2 Conditional sentences

3.2.1.3 Passive voice sentences

3.2.1.4 Nominalization

3.2.1.5 Negative sentences

3.2.2 Syntactical features of legal Chinese

3.2.2.1 Long and complicated sentences

3.2.2.2 Sentences without subject

3.2.2.3 Active voice sentences

3.2.2.4 Positive sentences

3.2.2.5 Verb dominance sentences

3.2.2.6 Conditional sentences

3.3 Expectancy norms at stylistic level

3.3.1 Different stylistic features of legal English and legal Chinese

3.3.2 Common stylistic features of legal English and Legal Chinese

3.3.2.1 Accuracy

3.3.2.2 Formalness

CHAPTER FOUR ACHIEVEMENT OF READER’S EXPECTANCY

4.1 Two main strategies: domestication and foreignization

4.1.1 Domestication

4.1.2 Foreigniztion

4.1.3 Relationship between expectancy norms and domestication and foreignization

4.2 Techniques for achieving the reader’s expectancy

4.2.1 Specification

4.2.2 Omission

4.2.3 Annotation

4.2.4 Substitution

4.2.5 Conversion

4.2.5.1 Conversion between active voice and passive voice

4.2.5.2 Conversion between verbs and nouns

4.3 Requirements for legal translators

4.3.1 Thinking and comprehending like a lawyer

4.3.2 Writing like a lawyer

CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION

Bibliography

切斯特曼期待规范论视角下的法律翻译

论文摘要

论文目录

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