从功能对等角度研究科技英语翻译

论文摘要

随着现代经济与科学技术的迅猛发展,我国与其他国家之间的科学技术方面的信息交流也日益频繁,科技英语(English for Science and Technology,EST)的翻译工作因此显得越来越重要。科技英语翻译也因此迅速发展成为翻译领域的重要组成部分之一,而科技翻译的需求量也不断增加。然而,由于我国在科技英语翻译领域的理论与技巧的研究时间不长,从业人员的水平参差不齐,文献涉及面有限,导致国外的科技发展信息也不能及时的引入和借鉴,形成我国科技翻译发展的滞后局面。传统的科技翻译过分“忠实”于原文,力求保留原文面貌,却忽视了科技英语翻译最核心的原则——信息传递的准确性,导致翻译腔普遍存在,出现大量不符合读者信息接受习惯甚至引起读者曲解原文内容的译文,使原文的信息不能准确和正确的表达。信息传递的效果、内容的精确与表达的规范应该是科技翻译的核心和基准,功能对等、信息准确真实应为科技翻译的第一要义。要做到这一点,译文语言必须客观准确、明白易懂并具有可读性,使译文读者基本上能以原文读者理解原文的方式从译文中获取相关科技信息。笔者通过对大量科技英语资料的特点及翻译方法的研究发现,奈达的“功能对等”原则特别适合于科技翻译,因为,“功能对等”意味着译文必须使用一种“共同语言”,即一种“最切近的自然对等语”再现原文的信息和内容。笔者试图用奈达功能对等理论指导科技英语的翻译,强调科技翻译中的读者反应,实现源文本与目的语文本的功能对等,提倡在充分尊重原文的基础上采用功能顺应的翻译策略,使用相对灵活的翻译技巧,以保障科技文本中信息能得以准确的传递和通顺的表达。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Research Objective
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 A Brief Analysis of Scientific and Technical Text
• 2.1 A Text Type Analysis of Scientific and Technical Text
• 2.1.1 Newmark's Text Typology
• 2.1.2 Classification of Scientific and Technical English
• 2.2 Language Features of Scientific and Technical Text
• 2.2.1 The Features on Lexis
• 2.2.2 Characteristics on Syntax
• 2.2.3 Other Features of EST
• 2.2.4 Comparison with Literary Language
• 2.3 Communicative Nature of Scientific and Technical Text
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Background:Functional Equivalence
• 3.1 A Study of Nida's Theory
• 3.1.1 Introduction
• 3.1.2 Formal Equivalence and Functional Equivalence
• 3.1.3 Receptor Theory
• 3.1.4 The Role of Translator
• 3.2 Contribution of Nida's Functional Equivalence
• 3.3 Application of Nida's Theory to EST Translation
• Chapter 4 Functional Adaptation——A Guiding Principle in Translating Scientific and Technical Text
• 4.1 Necessity and Feasibility of Functional Adaptation
• 4.1.1 The Intended Function
• 4.1.2 The Comparison of Chinese and English Scientific Text
• 4.1.2.1 Common Linguistic Features
• 4.1.2.2 Different Linguistic Features
• 4.1.3 Acceptability of Receivers and Readability of the Target Text
• 4.2 Functional Adaptation
• 4.2.1 Connotation of Functional Adaptation
• 4.2.2 Cultural Adaptation
• 4.2.3 Linguistic Adaptation
• Chapter 5 Appropriate Choice of Translation Strategies and Case Study
• 5.1 The General Techniques Employed in the Translation of Scientific and Technical English
• 5.1.1 Diction
• 5.1.1.1 Choice of Word Meaning
• 5.1.1.2 The Extension of Word Meaning
• 5.1.2 Division
• 5.1.3 Restructuring
• 5.1.4 Amplification and Omission
• 5.2 Case Study
• 5.2.1 Application of Functional Equivalence to the translation of Scientific Papers and Reports
• 5.2.2 Application of Functional Equivalence to the Translation of Popula Scientific English
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Major Findings of the Thesis
• 6.2 Limitation
• 6.3 Suggestions for Future Study
• References
• Acknowledgements