论文摘要
近些年来不断发生的与食品安全有关的食品污染事件,使食品安全问题成为社会关注的焦点。在一系列食品污染事件中,微生物病原菌引起事件的约占80%以上。其中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、肉毒杆菌等为常见的细菌性食物中毒,而霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7等均为致病菌。但目前这些病原菌致病性的监控大部分都处于活菌研究状态。基于对公众健康安全的考虑,加强对细菌活的非可培养状态(Viable but Non-Culturablestate,VBNC)的研究在我国尤为迫切。本文通过低温诱导、营养条件控制对副溶血性弧菌进行诱导,对诱导进入VBNC的条件进行分析。同时对已经进入VBNC状态的副溶血性弧菌进行复苏,并检测复苏菌株各项指标,从而对复苏菌特性进行初步研究。而后运用PCR与RT-PCR方法检测VBNC及其复苏状态的副溶血性弧菌的毒力基因以及特异性管家基因,最后利用检测结果的差异性构建快速检测环境和食品中的副溶血性弧菌(VBNC状态)方法,该方法的形成为以后的细菌VBNC的研究和食品安全控制提供了一定的依据。本课题拟从以下几方面进行了研究:1.副溶血性弧菌VBNC状态的诱导及其复苏的研究将Vibrio parahaemolyticus BJ1.1997和Vibrio parahaemolyticus BJ1.1616分别于低温(4℃)寡营养(人工海水、陈海水)条件和低温(4℃)富营养条件(TSB-3%NaCl)下进行诱导实验。结果显示,两菌株皆可进入VBNC状态,由此判断低温是诱导副溶血性弧菌进入VBNC的有效因子并且与营养条件相关不大,不同的毒力基因(V.pBJ6-tdh和V.pBJ7-trh)对诱导进入VBNC状态的时间(35 d左右)没有明显联系。同时运用升温复苏等多种方法对已经进入VBNC状态的副溶血性弧菌进行复苏,结果表明添加营养物质(25℃)和升温(37℃)可将V.pA6、V.pA7和V.pH6复苏,添加Tween-20可将V.pA7复苏成功,其余皆不可使VBNC状态的副溶血性弧菌恢复到可培养状态,以上结论皆为研究副溶血性弧菌VBNC及其复苏菌提供参考。2.副溶血性弧菌VBNC状态复苏菌特性的初步研究将已复苏菌株V.pA6F、V.pH6F、V.pA7F进行应激性、生长曲线、动物毒理、生理生化指标、毒力基因测定。经分析,复苏后的副溶血性弧菌对冷激结果显示比标准菌的存活率略高,而高温、紫外线以及高渗透压的耐受性与正常菌株相比存活率有所下降,同时实验中生长曲线实验验证,VBNC状态副溶血性弧菌复苏菌株的活性比正常菌株的活性下降。复苏后菌株的生理生化指标、毒力基因的表达与标准菌株基本相同,但是V.pA7F的trh毒力基因和脲素酶反应均为阴性,据此可推断trh毒力基因和脲素酶或许呈正相关,其机理还有待进一步研究。最后运用小白鼠毒力试验对VBNC菌株和复苏菌株进行毒力验证,结果显示,所有VBNC状态菌株和复苏菌株V.pA7F不可将小白鼠致死,但V.pA6F、V.pH6F却可使小白鼠致死。3. RT-PCR法检测VBNC的副溶血性弧菌运用PCR与RT-PCR方法检测VBNC状态及其复苏状态的副溶血性弧菌的毒力基因tlh、trh、tdh以及特异性管家基因rpoS,结果显示,VBNC状态菌株的毒力基因tlh、trh、tdh在PCR和RT-PCR法中皆得不到表达,特异性管家基因rpoS在PCR中不可表达,在RT-PCR法中却可表达成功,同时,复苏状态的菌株运用两种方法检测毒力基因tlh、trh、tdh以及特异性管家基因rpoS结果均可以得到表达。这种结果的差异性使RT-PCR法对检测环境和食品中的致病性副溶血性弧菌及其VBNC状态的潜在病原体隐患或其生存状态有着极其重要的意义。
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标签:副溶血性弧菌论文; 活的非可培养状态论文; 复苏论文; 管家基因论文; 检测论文;