光学及电子学文献的英译技巧

论文摘要

当今世界，随着科学技术的发展进步，我们需要从发达国家引进先进科学技术，作为它的两个主要分支，光学和电子学在当今社会起着重要的作用，因此了解他们的内容就十分必要，实现这一过程最重要的手段就是光学和电子学文献的翻译。适当的翻译技巧是必不可少的。目前很多英汉科技翻译教材和参考书中所介绍的翻译方法与技巧主要是谈句型转换，这种直接进行句型转换的方法对初学者可能有所裨益，但它不涉及内容实质，对译者的帮助是有限的，而且这种方法容易造成译文机械生硬，缺乏整体感。经过大量翻译实例证明，一些语言学理论可以有效地指导科技英语的翻译，并且能使译文更准确表达原文的意思。因此，本文旨在利用关联理论和特里姆波尔(Trimble)的语篇分层理论来指导科技英语的翻译，打破传统的翻译框架，得到更连贯顺畅的译文。 在关联理论指导下，寻求话语的关联性成为翻译理解的重要方式，是否传递了关联性也成了评判翻译的标准，对于光学和电子学文献的英译，笔者认为可以按照音位、词素、词、句子和语篇等翻译单位来进行，因此如果利用关联理论来指导光电文献中词的翻译，其优点是显而易见的；至于句子的翻译技巧，本文主要论述了逻辑分析方法；而特里姆波尔的语篇分层理论对于光电文献中比较大的翻译单位诸如语篇的翻译则更有帮助。本文通过大量例子介绍了在这两种理论指导下的光学及电子学文献的翻译技巧，提高了科技英语翻译质量，发展了翻译理论，促进了翻译实践。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter One Traditional Translation Theories and Their Development in China
• 1.1 Traditional Translation Theories
• 1.1.1 Theory of "Faithfulness, Fluency and Elegancy"
• 1.1.2 Nida's Functional Equivalence
• 1.1.3 Other Translation Theories
• 1.1.3.1 Lu Xun's Preferance
• 1.1.3.2 Fu Lei's Opinion
• 1.1.3.3 Qian Zhongshu's "Sublimity"
• 1.1.3.4 Newmark's Inclination
• 1.2 The Development of Translation in China
• 1.2.1 Translation of Buddhist Scripture
• 1.2.2 Technological Translation
• 1.2.3 Translation of Marxism and Advanced Literature of Russia
• 1.2.4 Overall Development of Translation
• Chapter Two Characteristics of EST and New Translation Standards Based on Relevance Theory
• 2.1 Characteristics of EST
• 2.1.1 Characteristics on Lexical Level
• 2.1.1.1 Abundant Technical Terms
• 2.1.1.2 Word-class Transfer
• 2.1.2 Characteristics on Morphology
• 2.1.2.1 Abstract Nouns Used as Verbs
• 2.1.2.2 Expanded Noun Pre-modifiers
• 2.1.2.3 Noun-head Phrases Serving as a Verb
• 2.1.3 Characteristics on Syntax
• 2.1.3.1 Passive Voice
• 2.1.3.2 Long Sentence
• 2.1.3.3 Non-finite Verbal Phrases
• 2.1.4 Characteristics on Rhetoric
• 2.1.4.1 Limited Use of Tense
• 2.1.4.2 Logical Grammatical Operators
• 2.2 Relevance Theory and EST Translation
• 2.2.1 Brief Survey of Relevance Theory
• 2.2.2 EST Translation Based on Relevance Theory
• 2.2.2.1 The Mechanism of Translation of EST
• 2.2.2.2 New Standard for Translation of EST
• Chapter Three The Process of Translation of EST
• 3.1 Interpreting the Original Text
• 3.1.1 Reading through the Whole Text and Grasping the Main Idea
• 3.1.2 Choosing the Exact Meaning of Words
• 3.1.2.1 Looking Up Words in the Dictionary
• 3.1.2.2 Choosing the Exact Meaning from Context
• 3.1.2.3 Choosing the Precise Meaning with the Help of Professional Knowledge
• 3.1.3 Analyzing Grammar and Explicating Relations
• 3.2 Expressing the Target Text
• 3.2.1 Paying Attention to the Standardness of Expression
• 3.2.2 Paying Attention to the Logic of Expression
• 3.3 Reexamining the Target Text
• Chapter Four Techniques for the Translation of Optics and Electronics Documents
• 4.1 The Translation Units and Context
• 4.1.1 Brief Introduction on Translation Units
• 4.1.1.1 Phoneme
• 4.1.1.2 Morpheme
• 4.1.1.3 Word
• 4.1.1.4 Phrase
• 4.1.1.5 Sentence
• 4.1.1.6 Discourse or Text
• 4.1.2 Context
• 4.2 Translation Techniques for Optics and Electronics Documents on the Basis of Words
• 4.2.1 Choice of Word Meaning According to Word Class
• 4.2.2 Adaptation of Word Meaning in Context
• 4.2.2.1 The Limitation of Word Meaning by Association
• 4.2.2.2 Contextual Adaptation
• 4.2.3 Choice of Word Meaning by Extension
• 4.2.3.1 Extension of Word Meaning by Professionalizing
• 4.2.3.2 Extension of Word Meaning by Concreting
• 4.3 Translation Techniques for Optics and Electronics Documents on the Basis of Sentences
• 4.4 Translation Techniques for Optics and Electronics Documents on the Basis of Discourse
• 4.4.1 Brief Introduction on Trimble's Theory
• 4.4.2 Translation Techniques for Optics and Electronics Documents on the Basis of Discourse
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography