荆棘满途 ——十九世纪末二十世纪初美国劳动妇女的职场境遇

论文摘要

十九世纪末二十世纪初,工业化与城市化的快速发展使美国社会经历了巨大的变化。在此期间,美国从一个有着广袤边疆的以农业经济为主的国家快速转变为一个城市化的工业强国,社会的大幅转型给当时人们的生产生活方式带来了深远的影响,美国妇女首当其冲。工业化造成了家庭与工作场所的分离,在种情况下,妇女再也无法像在前工业社会那样,通过以在家劳动这种方式将两种功能—照顾家庭与从事生产活动—结合在一起。在当时以颂扬母德为基调的社会观念的推动下,基于男尊女卑的劳动分工把妇女定位于家庭,从观念上把妇女排挤出了社会生产活动。即便如此,仍然有相当数量的妇女进入了劳动力市场。这群劳动妇女的数量在十九世纪末二十世纪初随着工业及其相关行业的快速发展以及妇女本身的地位逐步提高而出现大幅增长,她们在当时的劳动力市场上构成了一个引人注目的群体。 本论文从父权制的视角出发,系统地分析了十九世纪末二十世纪初的劳动妇女,指出在当时的父权制社会里,由于男尊女卑的性别等级根深蒂固,劳动妇女在劳动力市场上被边缘化了。这种边缘化表现在两种基于性别的劳动分工形式上:一是把妇女定位于家庭,认为妇女理应呆在家里,家是她们所属的“天然”领域;二是把妇女集中在一些技术含量低、社会地位低的工作岗位上。这种边缘化使劳动妇女一直承受着不公平待遇所带来的痛苦,

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 The Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization Upon American Women
• th and Early 20^th Century'>1.1 Industrialization and Urbanization in the Late 19^th and Early 20^thCentury
• 1.1.1 Industrialization
• 1.1.2 Urbanization
• 1.2 The Impact of Industrialization and urbanization upon American Women
• 1.2.1 American Women in the Pre-Industrial Economy
• 1.2.2 American Women in the Industrial Economy
• th and Early 20^th Century'>1.2.3 Improvement in American Women's Status in the Late 19^th and Early 20^thCentury
• Chapter 2 Working Women: Salient Emergence and Characteristics
• 2.1 Women's Salient Emergence in the Paid Labor Force
• 2.2 Factors Contributing to Working Women's Entry into the Paid Labor Force
• 2.2.1 Accessibility of Job Opportunities for Women
• 2.2.2 Readiness on the Part of Women
• 2.3 Characteristics of Working Women
• 2.3.1 Overwhelmingly Single and Young
• 2.3.2 Concentrated in Certain Occupations
• 2.3.3 Poorly Organized
• Chapter 3 Working Women: Pursuing a Route Full of Thorns
• 3.1 A Fictional Case of Working Woman—Sister Carrie's Pilgrimage to the Labor Market
• 3.2 Working Women's Entry into the Labor Market: A Route Full of Thorns
• 3.3 Patriarchy: the Institution Underpinning Working Women's Plight
• Conclusion
• Selected Bibliography
• 声明
• 作者在读期间科研成果简介