论文摘要
本学位论文的研究工作以聚苯胺为核心展开,首先制备了木质素磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺(LGS-PANI),并对其结构进行了深入的探讨,在此基础上,以具有柔性高分子链的水溶性聚合物聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PAMPS)为掺杂剂,制备了水溶性的PANI/PAMPS混合膜。然后,分别以具有微米级粒径的粉煤灰(FAs)和纳米级粒径的凹凸棒(ATP)作为无机客体,使用硅烷偶联剂(APTES)对其进行有机修饰,形成自组装单片层(SAM)包覆的无机客体,并使苯胺单体(An)在有机修饰的无机客体表面接枝聚合,制备了SAM-FAs/PANI复合材料和SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料,最后综合考虑两种聚苯胺复合材料的导电性、粒径大小及均一性、分散性、电导率稳定性以及热稳定性,选择以SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料作为导电填料,以聚苯乙烯(PS)为基体聚合物,制备了PANI/SAM-ATP/PS复合材料,促进了聚苯胺由功能材料向结构材料的过渡。具体包括以下几个方面的内容:(1)对LGS-PANI在不同LGS含量下的室温电导率及电导率的温度依赖性进行了研究,根据实验结果分析推测,认为LGS-PANI可能具有如下结构:当LGS含量为11.4 wt%时,形成以LGS为模板的伸展链结构;当LGS含量为48.2 wt%时,形成双链有序堆积的结构;当LGS含量为69.5wt%时, LGS单链无序堆积的比例增大。在LGS含量较高时,又包含了LGS与PANI分子间氢键的作用。通过X射线衍射分析、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜等手段对所做的论述进行了证明。(2) PANI/PAMPS的水溶液具有较好的稳定性,在正常环境条件下,可以稳定地放置两个月以上。当Anmol/AMPSmol=0.3:1时,PANI/PAMPS具有双链盘绕结构的PAMPS掺杂PANI (PANI-PAMPS),并且堆积成颗粒状,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,其堆积所成的颗粒形貌较好地分散于线性聚合物PAMPS基体当中;通过紫外-可见光谱和荧光发射光谱对PANI/PAMPS水溶液的荧光增强效应进行了理论分析;分别对PANI/PAMPS固体膜和PANI/PAMPS水溶液的室温电导率进行了研究,并用热重分析仪研究了PANI/PAMPS的热稳定性。(3)制备了具有完善核壳结构及较好分散性的SAM-FAs/PANI复合材料,对不同SAM-FAs含量时SAM-FAs/PANI复合材料的室温电导率、电导率的温度依赖性以及平均比电容进行了测定分析。使用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对SAM-FAs/PANI复合材料的磁性能进行了表征,研究了SAM-FAs的添加量对SAM-FAs/PANI复合材料的饱和磁化强度和矫顽力的影响,并用热重分析仪研究了SAM-FAs/PANI复合材料的热稳定性。(4)制备了结构均一、分散性良好的SAM-ATP/PANI纳米纤维,对不同SAM-ATP含量时SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料的室温电导率及电导率的温度依赖性进行了测定分析,通过变程跳跃模型和Arrhenius方程的线性拟合曲线,计算出20.1wt% ATP/PANI和18.7 wt% SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料的T0、σ0和Ea值,对18.7 wt% SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料呈现出较好的室温电导率给出了理论解释,使用热重分析仪对SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料的热稳定性进行了研究。(5)对不同导电填料含量下,PANI/SAM-ATP/PS复合材料的微观形貌进行了表征,并对PANI/SAM-ATP/PS复合材料的室温电阻率进行了测定,在80℃循环升温冷却的条件下,考察了PANI/SAM-ATP/PS复合材料电阻率的稳定性;使用万能材料试验机对PANI/SAM-ATP/PS复合材料的抗拉强度进行了测定分析,并用热重分析仪对复合材料的热稳定性进行了研究。
论文目录
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