透过自选熟语再看中国价值观

论文摘要

近期研究结果表明,中国价值观研究需要超越广为流行的个人主义/集体主义二分维度来考查中国价值观的其他层面。新的社会现实在这个变化发展的世界中不断涌现,中国大学生价值观随社会变化而变化的趋势尤为明显。更新对中国大学生价值观取向的系统认识、认清价值观变迁的原因很有必要。而对价值观研究的理论和方法的探讨也十分重要。本文首先从国际和国内两个视角回顾中国大陆大学生价值观研究的主要成果,作为本次研究的理论铺垫。在此基础上,就价值观研究的方法论进行了探讨。熟语作为普遍性的语言形式,是价值观和信念的主要载体之一,是分析价值观的有效工具。文章从熟语的定义和价值着手,着重阐述西方社会心理学、跨文化交际学和国内社会学、跨文化交际学和语言文化培训等领域所涉及的熟语和价值观的关系,并从主体和客体研究法及抽象和具体的价值观测量手段两个视角提出熟语作为价值观分析工具的理论依据。Kulich十年前撰写的两篇有关透过熟语看中国价值观的论文为本次研究提供了实践依据。通过对这两篇文章的批判性回顾,提出了本次研究的命题。本次实证研究旨在考查受试自选含价值观的熟语能否完整地反映Schwartz四十五个普遍性价值观,从而进一步检验熟语抽样法在价值观研究中的生命力;在此基础上,初步拟订反映中国大学生价值观的熟语一览表供价值观研究和跨文化培训使用参考;考查受试座右铭式熟语中所承载的主要有效价值观。另外还就研究过程中隐含的两个问题进行讨论,即流行文化对受试价值观取向的影响及本次研究比较1997年的研究所反映的价值观变迁。来自上海某所语言大学的140名英语专业女生参加了本次研究。问卷要求每人写出八条反映人生观价值观、作为立身处世行为准则的熟语。价值观熟语匹配和内容分析表明:1)受试自选熟语在汉语语境中有可能完整地反映一组普遍性的价值观,说明熟语抽样法在价值观研究中有较强的生命力;2)就具体价值观而言,成就对受试最为重要,而安全、权力、尊奉和享乐主义似乎并不重要;3)流行文化,特别是广告和流行歌曲,对受试的价值观取向有很大的影响;4)与1997年相比,本次研究中受试的价值观呈现出更强的个人主义取向。结合主体和客体研究法,初步拟订了反映中国大学生价值观的熟语一览表。最后,论文就本次研究对价值观研究和跨文化培训的理论意义进行探讨,指出本次研究的不足之处,并对今后的研究提出建议。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• INTRODUCTION
• Research Background
• Statement of the Problem and Significance of the Present Study
• Research Questions and Hypotheses
• Structure of the Thesis
• CHAPTER 1 A BRIEF SURVEY OF CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH INTO THE VALUES OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN MAINLAND CHINA
• 1.1 Defining Values
• 1.2 Why Values
• 1.3 Why the Values of College Students in Mainland China
• 1.3.1 Importance of Studying Values Cross-Sectionally
• 1.3.2 College Students as Highly Accessible “Experts”on Values
• 1.4 Status Quo of Research into the Values of College Students in Mainland China
• 1.4.1 International Interest
• 1.4.2 Domestic Interest
• 1.5 Summary
• CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE RATIONALE OF PROVERBS AND SAYINGS AS ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR VALUES RESEARCH
• 2.1 Defining Proverbs and Sayings
• 2.2 Usefulness of Proverbs and Sayings
• 2.3 Linking Proverbs and Sayings to Values: An Overview of Western Social Psychology/IC Literature
• 2.4 Linking Proverbs and Sayings to Values: An Overview of Chinese Sociology, IC and Language/Cultural Training Literature
• 2.5 Etic or Emic
• 2.6 Abstract or Concrete
• 2.7 Summary
• CHAPTER 3 EVALUATING KULICH’S WORK AS A POINT OF DEPARTURE FOR THE PRESENT STUDY
• 3.1 Overview of Kulich’s Two Value-through-Proverb Papers
• 3.1.1 The Kulich Hong Kong Paper
• 3.1.2 The Kulich Fullerton California Paper
• 3.2 A Critique
• 3.2.1 Incomprehensiveness of the CVS
• 3.2.2 Overemphasis on Being Inclusive in Data Processing
• 3.2.3 Limitations of the Top 43 Chinese Sayings in Comparison
• 3.3 Summary
• CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH DESIGN AND DATA ANALYSIS OF STAGE ONE OF THE PRESENT STUDY
• 4.1 Forming Research Questions
• 4.1.1 The First Research Question
• 4.1.2 The Second Research Question
• 4.1.3 The Third Research Question
• 4.2 Questionnaire Considerations
• 4.2.1 Pilot Study Questionnaire
• 4.2.2 Pilot Study Lessons
• 4.3 Subjects
• 4.4 Procedures
• 4.5 Results
• 4.6 Discussion
• 4.6.1 Issues Focusing on the First Research Question
• 4.6.2 Issues Focusing on the Second Research Question
• 4.6.2.1 Analysis without Considering Sayings’Selection Frequency
• 4.6.2.2 Analysis Based on Sayings’Selection Frequency
• 4.6.2.3 A Comparison with Kulich’s Top 40 Plus Saying List
• 4.6.3 Issues Focusing on the Third Research Question
• CHAPTER 5 STAGE TWO OF THE PRESENT STUDY: TOWARD DEVELOPING A MASTER LIST OF PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
• 5.1 Issues Focusing on the Fourth Research Question
• 5.1.1 Different Translation Approaches
• 5.1.2 Results and Discussion
• 5.2 Issues Focusing on the Fifth Research Question
• 5.2.1 Schwartz’s Three Non-Universal Values
• 5.2.2 Ten Values Derived from the CVS and the NCVS
• 5.2.3 Two Quasi-Values: Optimism and Self-Confidence
• CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
• 6.1 Summary of the Research Findings
• 6.2 Suggestions for Future Directions
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX I
• APPENDIX II
• APPENDIX III
• APPENDIX IV