论交际中说话人的语用意图之体现

论文摘要

本文旨在研究交际中说话人的语用意图。文章涉及的研究对象有二:对于语用意图的实现手段及意图与歧义之间的关系。本文主要探讨了语用意图的实现手段。首先,在会话中,人们有时并不说出真正所要表达的东西。而是用一种间接的方式。由此,当话语意义与间接含义不一致时,语用意图现象就出现了。其次,人们普遍认为我们应当遵守合作原则的四个准则。其实,如果我们违背其中某个原则,有时会收到更好的效果—成功地表达自己的语用意图。第三,Sperber和Wilson提出人们的表达和释义应紧密联系。事实的确应该如此,但并不绝对。不完整关联仍然可以显示意图,达到交际的目的。最后,话语也为语用意图做出了好的服务。话语标记和连贯对于说话人的语用意图之实现起着重要作用。在研究歧义方面,我们看到意图与歧义绝不可孤立开来。当说话人意图不为理解时,歧义就不可避免的产生了。这与会话含义及间接言语行为有着密切联系。当然,我们可以采取措施对其发生进行修复。通过分析语用意图的实现方式,我们更应该辨别说话人要表达的真正含义。一旦听者理解错误或有歧义的产生,人们应该使其明确并及时进行修复。

论文目录

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Pragmatic Intention and Ambiguity

1.2 Problems Presented and Goal of My Study

1.3 Methodology and Organization

Chapter 2 Studies on Realizing Devices of Pragmatic Intention

2.1 Categories of Intention

2.2 Speech Act, Indirect Speech Act and Intention

2.2.1 Language as A Representation of Intention

2.2.2 Intention Revealed by Speech Act

2.2.3 Intention Revealed by Indirectness in Indirect Speech Act

2.3 Cooperation, Non-cooperation and Conversational Implicature

2.3.1 Relationship between Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature

2.3.2 Flouting Cooperative Principle and Generation of Conversational Implicature

2.3.3 Implicature and Metaphor in Communication

2.4 Relevance Theory in Actual Communication

2.4.1 The Communicative View of Relevance

2.4.2 Incomplete Relevance

2.4.3 Context Realizes Intention in Communication

Chapter 3 Discourse and Intention

3.1 Contextualization Cues and Discourse Marking

3.2 The Role of Coherence in Pragmatic Intention

Chapter 4 Study on Ambiguity and Its Phenomenon

4.1 Definition and Generation of Ambiguity

4.2 Main Types of Ambiguity in English

4.3 Reasons Causing Pragmatic Ambiguity

4.3.1 Pragmatic Ambiguity Caused by Conversational Implicature

4.3.2 Pragmatic Ambiguity Caused by Indirect Speech Act

4.4 Pragmatic Ambiguity and Context

4.5 The Unavoidableness of Ambiguity

4.6 The Possibility to Restore Ambiguity

Chapter 5 Conclusion

5.1 Summary of the Study

5.2 Problems and Limitations of the Study

5.3 Future Studies

Works Cited

攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文和取得的科研成果

论交际中说话人的语用意图之体现

论文摘要

论文目录

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