语法化理论视角下后缀“子”的词类标记性研究

论文摘要

后缀是语言学界重点研究对象之一,汉语后缀“子”堪属汉语后缀研究的重中之重。学者们从定性、语义、词源及分类等方面对后缀“子”进行了多维探究,成果显著。然而,学术界在后缀“子”的定性问题上说法不一,句法功能层面上尚需更深层次的探讨,研究方法上也缺少权威系统的语料支撑。本论文以语法化为理论基础和国家语委2008年发布的《现代汉语常用词表》为语料支撑,采用定性研究为主定量研究为辅的分析方法,尝试从语法化理论视角研究后缀“子”的词类标记性,主要分析后缀“子”及其词类标记性的本质、特征和其背后的机制,为深入研究后缀“子”寻找新的突破。经研究发现:(1)后缀“子”是概念容器“子”的变体之一。从某种意义上说,“子”是一个概念容器,其概念辐射弹性强,内含有实词“子”、类后缀“子”和后缀“子”等同形异质的多种变体;(2)后缀“子”的词类标记性是其三条子位语法性梯度交互作用的具体体现,呈现层级性和变异性两大特点并受语音磨蚀,语义虚化和形态句法重新分析等机制的调节;(3)后缀“子”的词类标记性是实词“子”语法特点在语法化操控下的功能拓展,即在语法化的操控下,后缀“子”标记的词类,对粘附成分产生的作用以及词类标记的特征受实词“子”本质特点限制和影响,鲜明生动地印制了统一体的发展轨迹。汉语后缀“子”构词能力强、语用程度高,堪属汉语词缀这一微型词素的典型代表。从微观层面解析汉语后缀“子”的句法功能不仅可以为其强构词力和高语用度提供一定的理据,有利于帮助初学者或二外学习者灵活掌握其内在构词规律和语用特点,还可以为其他后缀相关研究提供一定的理论启示。总之,研究后缀“子”具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Motivations of the Study
• 1.2 Objectives of the Study
• 1.3 Methodology
• 1.4 Layout of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Studies of Suffixes from Different Approaches
• 2.2.1 The Formalist Approach
• 2.2.2 The Functionalist Approach
• 2.2.3 The Cognitive Approach
• 2.3 Studies of Chinese Suffix “子”
• 2.3.1 Studies of Suffix “子”on its Identification
• 2.3.2 Studies of Suffix “子”on its Meanings
• 2.3.3 Studies of Suffix “子”on its Etymology
• 2.3.4 Studies of Suffix “子”on its Classification
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 An Overview of Researches on Grammaticalization Theory
• 3.3 The Process of Grammaticalization
• 3.3.1 Grammaticalization as a Cline
• 3.3.2 Gradience in Grammaticalization
• 3.3.3 Variation in Grammaticalization
• 3.4 The Mechanisms of Grammaticalzation
• 3.4.1 Manifestation in phonology
• 3.4.2 Manifestation in Semantics
• 3.4.2.1 Generalization of Meaning
• 3.4.2.2 Pragmatic Strengthening
• 3.4.2.3 Absorption of Meaning from Context
• 3.4.3 Manifestation in Morpho-syntax
• 3.4.3.1 Reanalysis
• 3.4.3.2 Analogy
• 3.5 The Explanatory Power of Grammaticalization Theory
• 3.6 Summary
• Chapter Four Suffix “子”and its Word-class Marking
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Grammaticalization from Content Word “子”to Suffix “子”
• 4.2.1 The Phonological Cline
• 4.2.2 The Semantic Cline
• 4.2.3 The Morphosyntactic Cline
• 4.3 Word-class Marking—A Capability of Gradience
• 4.3.1 Syntactic Shifting
• 4.3.1.1 Shifting from Verb to Noun
• 4.3.1.2 Shifting from Adjective to Noun
• 4.3.1.3 The Steps of Shifting in Cognition
• 4.3.1.4 A Case Study of “学子”
• 4.3.2 Syntactic Maintaining
• 4.3.2.1 Gradience in Agglutination
• 4.3.2.2 Analogy for its Productivity
• 4.4 Word-class Marking: A Capability of Variation
• 4.4.1 The Semantic Variation in Roots
• 4.4.2 The Types of Word-class Marking
• 4.4.2.1 De-nominal Marking
• 4.4.2.2 De-verbal Marking
• 4.4.3 Variation in Marked Word Classes: Quantifier
• 4.4.4 Variation in Syntactic Categories of “子”
• 4.4.4.1 Variation in Syntactic Constructions
• 4.4.4.2 Variation in Syntactic Status
• 4.5 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings of the Study
• 5.2 Limitations of the Study
• 5.3 Suggestions for Future Study
• References
• Appendices
• Appendix 1 Linguistic Evidence for the Semantic Cline Based on LCWCC
• Appendix 2 The Semantic Domains of De-verbal Marking Based on LCWCC.
• Appendix 3 The Semantic Domains of De-nominal Marking Based on LCWCC..
• Appendix 4 The Pattern of “verb +子”Based on LCWCC
• Appendix 5 The Pattern of “adjective +子”Based on LCWCC
• Appendix 6 The Quantifiers Derived from Suffix “子”Based on LCWCC
• Appendix 7 The Pattern of “noun +子”Based on LCWCC