新闻中的模糊限制语：顺应性分析

论文摘要

模糊性是自然语言的基本属性，模糊限制语是最典型的模糊语言。诸多学者对模糊限制语进行了研究，但大多是利用Grice的合作原则、Leech的礼貌原则以及Wilson的关联原则。到目前为止，从Verschueren的顺应理论的角度对模糊限制语进行的研究很少。众所周知，新闻在人们日常生活中起着举足轻重的作用，新闻语言的要求就是准确、简洁、客观，但这些要求并不否认模糊限制语的存在。事实上，模糊限制语被广泛的应用于新闻写作中并发挥着重要的作用。本文拟回答以下三个问题：（1）英语新闻报道中主要使用哪类模糊限制语？（2）英语新闻中的模糊限制语是如何顺应心理世界、物理世界以及社交世界的？（3）英语新闻中模糊限制语的主要语用功能有哪些？本文以顺应性理论作为理论框架，采用定量、定性和描述的分析方法，对从国外知名英文网站上选取的45篇新闻报道中的模糊限制语进行分析，语料主要来自纽约时报、洛杉矶时报、华盛顿邮报以及卫报。分析结果表明：（1）英语新闻中存在大量模糊限制语,各类型的模糊限制语在英语新闻中都有使用，间接缓和语是英语新闻报道者最喜欢的模糊限制语；（2）英语新闻报道中的模糊限制语顺应了心理世界、物理世界以及社交世界；（3）英语新闻报道中模糊限制语发挥一定的语用功能。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Background of the Study
• 1.2 Research Objectives
• 1.3 Significance of the Study
• 1.4 Organization of the Thesis
• CHAPTER Ⅱ AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDIES OF HEDGES
• 2.1 Definitions of Hedges
• 2.2 Classification of Hedges
• 2.2.1 Grammatical Classification
• 2.2.2 Semantic Classification
• 2.2.3 Pragmatic Classification
• 2.2.3.1 Prince’s Classification
• 2.2.3.2 Salager-Meyer’s Classification
• 2.2.3.3 Hyland’s Classification
• 2.3 Semantic Features of Hedges
• 2.3.1 Cancellability
• 2.3.2 Markedness
• 2.3.3 Indefiniteness
• 2.3.4 Indirectness
• 2.4 Studies of Hedges
• CHAPTER Ⅲ THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PRESENT STUDY
• 3.1 An Introduction of Adaptation Theory
• 3.2 Language Use: Choice Making
• 3.3 Three Properties of Language
• 3.3.1 Variability
• 3.3.2 Negotiability
• 3.3.3 Adaptability
• 3.4 Four Angles of Investigation
• 3.4.1 The Contextual Correlates of Adaptability
• 3.4.2 The Structural Objects of Adaptability
• 3.4.3 The Dynamics of Adaptability
• 3.4.4 The Salience of the Adaptation Process
• CHAPTER Ⅳ RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND DATA PROCESSING
• 4.1 Research Questions
• 4.2 Data Collection
• 4.3 Research Procedures
• 4.4 Statistical Analysis of the Data
• CHAPER Ⅴ ADAPTATION AND FUNCTIONS OF HEDGES IN NEWS REPORTING
• 5.1 Characteristics of News
• 5.2 Hedges in News Reporting
• 5.3 Analysis of the Adaptation of Hedges in News Reporting
• 5.3.1 Adaptation to the Mental World
• 5.3.1.1 Adaptation to Readers’ Mental World
• 5.3.1.2 Adaptation to Journalists’ Mental World
• 5.3.2 Adaptation to the Physical World
• 5.3.2.1 Adaptation to Accuracy
• 5.3.2.2 Adaptation to Objectivity
• 5.3.2.3 Adaptation to Timeliness
• 5.3.3 Adaptation to the Social World
• 5.4 Pragmatic Functions of Hedges in News Reporting
• 5.4.1 Achieving Accuracy
• 5.4.2 Achieving Objectivity
• 5.4.3 Achieving Politeness
• 5.4.4 Achieving Self-protection
• CHAPER Ⅵ CONCLUSION
• 6.1 Major Findings
• 6.2 Limitation and Follow-up Studies
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX Ⅰ
• APPENDIX Ⅱ
• APPENDIX Ⅲ