从语言语用角度看言语交际中的性别差异

论文摘要

语言是一个与人类生活密切相关的符号系统。作为语言的社会变体,男女语言的性别特点和差异研究越来越受到国内外语言研究者的关注。研究言语交际性别差异具有极大的现实意义,通过对它的研究,能提高我们对性别言语差异的敏感性和意识性,促进我们日常言语交际的顺利进行。对于人类言语交际中男女性别差异现象的表现及其背后蕴涵着的复杂社会、心理和文化等因素,有必要进行研究和解释。本文拟从言语交际这个动态环节出发,主要从语用视角,对男女语言差异进行描写、对比及分析,并探究其形成原因,希望从语言语用视角获得对此问题的更好,更全面的理解。全文共分为五个部分:第一部分概述了语言学界,尤其是西方语言学界语言与性别研究的概况并介绍了本人论文研究的方向。第二部分具体分析并总结言语性别差异在语言系统各层面,包括语音语调、词汇、句法等方面的语言特征和表现形式。第三部分主要从语用学视角,在会话话题,合作原则和礼貌原则以及话轮转换等方面对言语交际中的性别差异进一步进行探讨。第四部分尝试分析了言语交际性别差异的形成原因。第五部分是对全文的归纳和总结。同时,指出本研究尚存的不足和局限性,所有这些问题,有待于今后作更为深入的研究和探讨。

论文目录

• Abstract
• Chinese Outline
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Preliminary remarks
• 1.2 Literature review
• 1.3 Aims and methodology of the study
• 1.4 Significance of the study
• 1.5 Organization of the thesis
• Chapter 2 Manifestation of gender differences in the language system
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Phonological differences
• 2.2.1 Difference in pronunciation
• 2.2.2 Difference in intonation
• 2.3 Lexical differences
• 2.3.1 Descriptive words
• 2.3.2 Taboo and euphemism
• 2.4 Syntactic differences
• 2.4.1 Tag questions
• 2.4.2 Mitigated forms
• 2.4.3 Directives
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter 3 Revelation of gender differences in verbal communication
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Conversational topics
• 3.3 Cooperative principle
• 3.3.1 Definition of CP
• 3.3.2 Conformity to and violation of Quantity maxim
• 3.3.3 Conformity to and violation of Quality maxim
• 3.3.4 Conformity to and violation of Relation maxim
• 3.3.5 Conformity to and violation of Manner maxim
• 3.4 Politeness principle
• 3.4.1 Definition of PP
• 3.4.2 Conformity to and violation of Tact maxim and Generosity maxim
• 3.4.3 Conformity to and violation of Approbation maxim and Modesty maxim
• 3.4.4 Conformity to and violation of Agreement maxim
• 3.4.5 Conformity to and violation of Sympathy maxim
• 3.5 Turn-taking
• 3.5.1 Verbal turn-taking
• 3.5.2 Overlap and interruption
• 3.5.3 Silence
• 3.6 Summary
• Chapter 4 Explanation for gender differences in verbal communication
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Deficit theory
• 4.3 Dominance and difference approaches
• 4.3.1 Dominance approach
• 4.3.2 Difference approach
• 4.4 Politeness theory
• 4.5 Toward a multi-dimensional approach
• 4.6 Summary
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary of the thesis
• 5.2 Remaining problems
• References
• Acknowledgements