从世贸大厦到自由大厦 ——两种不同规划过程的剖析

论文摘要

2001年发生在美国的9．11事件导致了世贸大厦的坍塌，而在其废墟上即将崛起的是自由大厦。本文分别对世贸大厦和自由大厦规划过程中的重要参与力量进行了深入的剖析，以期揭示两个过程对比鲜明的特点——世贸大厦规划过程的封闭性和自由大厦规划过程的相对开放性，并在此基础上对这一变化的原因做了进一步的探讨，从而对9．11事件给美国社会带来的冲击及美国当今社会城市规划中的公众参与状况做出相应的考察。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Chapter One Forming of the World Trade Center
• 1.1 Background of the Forming of the WTC
• 1.11 Decaying Conditions of New York City in the Late 19th Century
• 1.12 The Most Influential Urban Planning Theories
• 1.13 National Urban Renewal Movement
• 1.2 Phase 1: Germination of the Project
• 1.21 Rockefeller Family's Long-time Property Investment
• 1.22 David Rockefeller's DLMA Plan
• 1.23 Supports from the Municipal Government
• 1.3 Phase 2: Setback and Rally
• 1.31 Objections from Local Merchants
• 1.32 The Agency That Built the WTC—the Port Authority
• 1.33 Supports from the New York State Government
• 1.4 Phase 3: The Westward Slide
• 1.41 Objections from Governor of the New Jersey State
• 1.42 Failed Objections from the Radio Row Merchants
• 1.5 Phase 4: Shaping of the WTC
• 1.51 Austin Tobin's Will: The WTC Got Bigger
• 1.52 Yamasaki as the Chief Architect of the WTC
• 1.6 Summary: A Closed Planning Process of the WTC
• Chapter Two Forming of the Freedom Tower
• 2.1 Prevalence of the New Planning Theories
• 2.11 Theories in Favor of Street Life and Small Blocks
• 2.12 The Anti-skyscraper Crusade
• 2.2 Diversified Forces in the Planning Process of Ground Zero
• 2.21 Larry Silverstein
• 2.22 The Port Authority
• 2.23 George Pataki—Governor of the New York State
• 2.24 The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
• 2.25 Myriad Non-official Groups
• 2.3 The Collective Function of the Intertwining Forces in the Planning Process
• 2.31 Phase 1: A Compromise Reached on both Commercial and Cultural Development
• 2.32 Phase 2: The Abortion of the First Set of Plans
• 2.33 Phase 3: The Design Competition and Daniel Libeskind's Master Plan
• 2.34 Phase 4: Design of the Individual Major Projects in the Master Plan
• 2.4 Summary: A Relatively Open Planning Process of Ground Zero
• Chapter Three Causes of the Change
• 3.1 The Sensation of the September 11 Event
• 3.11 Attacks on American Soil
• 3.12 Violent Loss of the Landmark
• 3.13 Heavy Casualties
• 3.14 Innocent Civilians as Targets
• 3.2 Maturation of the System of Public Participation in City Planning in America
• 3.21 Evolution of the Theories of Public Participation in City Planning in America
• 3.22 Today's Actual Modes of Public Participation in City Planning
• Conclusion
• Bibliography