一个和谐的社会 ——对《红字》的生态女性主义解读

论文摘要

作为美国作家霍桑的最大的文学成就,《红字》由于其流畅而优美的写作,对人物内在心理的深刻描述,模糊广泛的象征意义及道德观念的戏剧性冲突,在美国文学的领域引起了世纪之久的关注和评论。在中国,对《红字》的研究是到文化大革命才初现端倪。最近几年,女性主义文学批评成为研究《红字》的一个新方向,生态女性主义文学批评这个新兴的理论仍然不被大众所熟悉。本文旨在通过新兴的理论——生态女性主义文学批评对《红字》进行深入的研究。生态女性主义文学批评是一种生态或环境的批评和女性主义文学批评的结合,将视角聚焦于文化背景下所存在的压迫:种族压迫,性别歧视,阶级压迫和对自然的剥削。对《红字》一书的分析运用了生态女性主义文学批评,从自然,性别和种族这几个角度,结合霍桑的生平和当时的历史背景,展示了霍桑在作品《红字》中的生态女性主义意识及其局限性,揭露父权制的清教徒社会是压迫女性,自然和印第安人的根源,探讨自然问题,性别问题和种族问题之间的关联性,探寻小说的主题——建立一个乌托邦——一个人人平等的和谐社会。

论文目录

• 中文摘要
• Abstract
• 中文文摘
• Synopsis
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Introduction of The Scarlet Letter
• 1.2 Criticism on The Scarlet Letter
• Chapter Two Hawthorne's Background and His Ecofeminist Consciousness
• 2.1 Hawthorne's Background
• 2.2 Ecofeminist Consciousness in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Life
• 2.2.1 Nature in Hawthorne's Childhood
• 2.2.2 Transcendentalist and Utopian Influence on Hawthorne
• 2.2.3 Influences of Domestic Events and European Revolutions
• 2.2.4 Some Important Women in Hawthorne's Life and Their Influences
• 2.2.5 Haunting Shame of His Puritan Ancestors
• Chapter Three Ecofeminism and Its Literary Criticism
• 3.1 Ecofeminism
• 3.2 Ecofeminist Literary Criticism
• Chapter Four Ecofeminist Analysis in The Scarlet Letter
• 4.1 Analysis from the Perspective of Environment
• 4.1.1 Analysis of Rosebush and Forest in The Scarlet Letter
• 4.1.2.Nature and Woman
• 4.1.3 Nature and Science
• 4.1.4 Nature and Society
• 4.2 Analysis from the Perspective of Gender
• 4.2.1 Female and Male Characters in The Scarlet Letter
• 4.2.2 The Relation between Male and Female
• 4.3 Analysis from the Perspective of Race
• 4.4 Hawthorne's Limits of Ecofeminist Consciousness in The Scarlet Letter
• 4.4.1 Limits of Ecofeminist Consciousness in Hawthorne's Character
• 4.4.2 Limits and Compromise in The Scarlet Letter
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• References
• Acknowledgements