基于语料库的中国大学生英语迂回使役构式的习得研究

论文摘要

20世纪80年代后期兴起的构式语法理论作为认知语言学研究的一种新的理论范式在短短三十几年取得了很大的发展。构式语法的创始人Goldberg认为语言的基本单位是构式而非句法单位及规则。而构式则被其定义为“形式和意义的配对”。Goldberg认为语言系统是由一系列逐渐抽象化的构式组成的连续体,这些构式小至语素,大至完全抽象化构式。构式语法特别注重语义研究,它创造性地引入“构式意义”这一概念,并成功地将其应用到对题元结构的语义分析中。由cause, make, have, get所引导的几个相似的英语迂回使役构式的语义问题引起过语言学家的特别关注。乔姆斯基曾把cause, make, have, get定义为语义已经漂白的“轻动词”,也就是说,由他们引导的迂回使役构式是可以完全互换的。而构式语法则奉行“构式无同义”的原则,即“只要是形式不同,意义一定不同”,而这种意义的差别被归为不同构式的构式意义的差别。因此,上述使役动词所产出的不同构式都应具有不同的构式意义。Gilquin在对本族语语料的分析中总结出了上述迂回使役构式的不同的构式意义。由于采用以语言运用为基础的研究模式,构式语法尤其重视对语言习得的研究。虽然目前国内研究构式语法的文献层出不穷,但在构式语法的框架下对具体构式的二语习得研究却并不多见,特别是英语迂回使役构式的构式意义的习得研究更是一大空白。因此,本文在构式语法的理论框架下对中国大学生英语迂回使役构式习得情况进行系统地分析研究,以期为二语教学带来一些启示意义。本文通过对中国大学生学习者语料库SWECCL中7个英语迂回使役构式[XCAUSE Y V to-inf], [X MAKE Y V inf], [X MAKE Y V pp], [X GET Y V to-inf], [X GET Y Vpp], [X HAVE Y V inf], [X HAVE Y Vpp]实例的检索,试图为下列研究问题提供答案：中国大学生对这7个英语迂回使役构式习得的总体特征如何?中国大学生对英语迂回使役构式的使用中是否反映出不同的构式意义的习得?如果有反映,其习得程度如何?中国大学生对英语迂回使役构式构式意义的习得是否与其英语水平相关?其习得发展模式是什么样的?本文利用对所检索出的实例相关的频数统计分析及构式搭配分析法,得出以下主要结论：1.中国大学生对英语迂回使役构式的习得总体上反映“构式泰迪熊”的现象,即较多使用由核心使役词汇构成的构式,较少的使用非核心使役词汇构成的构式。中国大学生对英语迂回使役构式的习得没有完全体现出不同的语体倾向,说明其对构式使用的语域意识不强。2.中国大学生对英语迂回使役构式的使用中反映出了不同的构式意义的习得,他们能够有意识地把不同的构式义与具体的句法结构联系起来,但所产出的反映出构式义的构式类型不丰富,频数不足,语义倾向没有本族语者明显。3.中国大学生对英语迂回使役构式构式意义的习得程度与其英语水平是正相关的,其习得模式基本是呈线性发展的。针对以上的研究结果,我们认为应提倡树立二语教学的构式观,充分重视构式意义的教学。教师应有意识地为学习者提供具体的构式实例,引导他们将不同的构式义与句法结构联系起来,避免按照传统教学法把词汇教学和语法教学分裂开。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Origin of the Study
• 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Relevant Studies Abroad
• 2.1.1 Studies of Construction Grammar
• 2.1.2 Studies of Language Acquisition from the Perspective of Construction Grammar
• 2.1.3 Studies of a Corpus-based Approach to Construction Grammar
• 2.1.4 Studies of Periphrastic Causative Construction
• 2.2 Relevant Studies at Home
• 2.2.1 Studies of Construction Grammar
• 2.2.2 Studies of Second Language Acquisition from the Perspective of Construction Grammar
• 2.2.3 Studies of English Periphrastic Causative Construction
• 2.3 Summary:Achievements and Limitations
• Chapter Three Methodology
• 3.1 Working Definition and Scope of English periphrastic constructions
• 3.2 Research Questions
• 3.3 Data Source and Instruments
• 3.4 Methods and Procedures
• 3.4.1 Pretreatment of the Corpus Data
• 3.4.2 Retrieval of the Constructions
• 3.4.3 Post-editing of the Constructions-Sense Annotation of the Verbs in the EFFECT Slot
• 3.4.4 Statistical Analysis
• Chapter Four Results and Discussion
• 4.1 General Characteristics of Chinese Learners' Acquisition of English Periphrastic Causative Constructions
• 4.2 Chinese Learners' acquisition of the constructional meanings of seven English Periphrastic Causative Constructions
• 4.2.1 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X CAUSE Y V to-inf]
• 4.2.2 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X GET Y V to-inf]
• 4.2.3 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X HAVE Y Vinf]
• 4.2.4 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X MAKE Y Vinf]
• 4.2.5 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X HAVE Y Vpp]
• 4.2.6 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X GET Y Vpp]
• 4.2.7 The acquisition of the constructional meaning of [X MAKE Y Vpp]
• 4.2.8 The output degree of Chinese learners' acquisition of the constructional meanings of seven English periphrastic causative constructions
• 4.3 The development pattern for Chinese learners' acquisition of the constructional meanings of seven English periphrastic causative constructions
• 4.3.1 Comparison of token frequencies of the instances with constructional meanings of seven causative constructions in four grades
• 4.3.2 Comparison of type/token ratios of the instances with constructional meanings of seven causative constructions in four grades
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings of the Research
• 5.2 Pedagogical Implications of the Study
• 5.3 Limitations of the study and Suggestions for Further Research
• Works Cited
• Appendices
• Publications