哈维氏弧菌活的非可培养状态的研究

哈维氏弧菌活的非可培养状态的研究

论文摘要

活的非可培养状态(Viable but noncuhurable state, VBNC),即致病菌处于不良环境条件下,其细胞缩成球形,用常规方法培养不能使其生长繁殖,但仍然具有代谢活性的状态。本文对哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)标准菌株VIB295,野生菌株CW2和SF1的活的非可培养状态的进入、复苏,进入VBNC状态后的形态变化、毒力特征以及复苏后弧菌的特性进行了研究。实验采用的诱导条件是低温寡营养,将弧菌接种于过滤陈海水中4℃诱导,发现几株哈维氏弧菌进入VBNC状态的时间分别为:标准菌株VIB295需要65天,CW2需要67天,SF1需要69天。采用吖啶橙染色荧光显微镜直接计数法(AODC)、活菌直接计数法(DVC)和涂布平板法(PC)计数结果表明,当实验菌株进入VBNC状态时,它们的总菌数与接种浓度相比几乎没有太大变化,活菌数则比总菌数低两个数量级,并且保持稳定,可培养菌数为零。对实验菌株的复苏采用了多种方法,包括直接升温法,逐步升温法,添加营养物质以及化学元素法,最后实现复苏的是添加酵母液和吐温20或复合维生素B,复苏时间为:添加吐温20需要5天,添加复合维生素B需要8天,复苏后的弧菌可培养菌数接近接种浓度。对正常状态、VBNC状态和复苏后的弧菌的形态研究采用了荧光显微镜和扫描电镜技术。结果表明,进入VBNC状态后,这几株菌在形态上发生了一致的变化:由原来的杆状、短杆状或弧状变成球状,并且体积比正常状态的弧菌明显缩小;复苏后的弧菌与正常状态弧菌相比几乎没有差异。将正常状态、VBNC状态和复苏后的弧菌分别注射斑马鱼进行毒力实验发现,注射VBNC状态的哈维氏弧菌细胞的斑马鱼在实验期间没有出现发病或死亡现象。注射了复苏后哈维氏弧菌的斑马鱼在7天内出现死亡现象,病灶部位水肿,充血;计算其半数致死剂量发现复苏后哈维氏弧菌对斑马鱼的半致死量与正常状态的哈维氏弧菌相似。结果表明,VBNC状态的哈维氏弧菌可能保持了它的致病潜能,伴随着复苏的实现,它的致病力也得以恢复。在分子层面的研究证实了以上观点:采用RT-PCR在正常状态和复苏的哈维氏弧菌中扩增出了溶血素基因和16SrDNA基因,而在VBNC状态的哈维氏弧菌中只扩增出16SrDNA基因,溶血素基因并不表达。许多研究表明,VBNC状态的细菌能够抵抗多种不良环境。在本实验中,复苏后的哈维氏弧菌抗生素的耐受性与正常弧菌相比没有显著变化。API 20E生理生化检测发现,添加吐温20和复合维生素B复苏的哈维氏弧菌具有相同的代谢特征,并且与正常状态哈维氏弧菌相同。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • 前言
  • 0.1.环境中 VBNC 细菌的研究现状
  • 0.2.VBNC状态的诱导因素
  • 0.3 VBNC细菌的生物学特性
  • 0.4 VBNC细菌的复苏
  • 0.5 VBNC病原菌的致病性
  • 0.6 细菌进人VBNC状态的内在机制
  • 0.7 VBNC细菌的检测
  • 0.8 对细菌VBNC状态概念的争议
  • 0.9 细菌VBNC状态的理论及实际意义
  • 1 哈维氏弧菌活的非可培养状态的进入
  • 1.1 哈维氏弧菌的概况
  • 1.2 材料与方法
  • 1.2.1 实验菌株
  • 1.2.2 主要生化试剂
  • 1.2.3 实验仪器
  • 1.2.4 实验水体及培养容器
  • 1.2.5 菌株的培养及诱导
  • 1.2.6 细胞形态及细菌数检测
  • 1.3 结果
  • 1.3.1 哈维氏弧菌在低温饥饿状态下的存活曲线
  • 1.3.2 VBNC状态的哈维氏弧菌的形态变化
  • 1.4 讨论
  • 2 活的非可培养状态的哈维氏弧菌的复苏
  • 2.1 进入活的非可培养状态的细菌复苏的研究
  • 2.2 材料与方法
  • 2.2.1 直接升温复苏法
  • 2.2.2 逐步升温复苏法
  • 2.2.3 瞬间高温复苏法
  • 2.2.4 添加酵母复苏法
  • 2.2.5 添加酵母升温复苏法
  • 2.2.6 化学因素影响的复苏
  • 2.2.7 不同状态的哈维氏弧菌的扫描电镜的观察
  • 2.3 结果
  • 2.3.1 直接升温复苏法
  • 2.3.2 逐步升温复苏法
  • 2.3.3 瞬间高温复苏法
  • 2.3.4 添加酵母复苏法
  • 2.3.5 添加酵母升温复苏法
  • 2.3.6 化学因素影响的复苏
  • 2.3.7 不同状态的哈维氏弧菌的扫描电镜的观察
  • 2.4 讨论
  • 3. VBNC 状态哈维氏弧菌的毒力特征
  • 3.1 材料与方法
  • 3.1.1 采用斑马鱼进行毒力实验
  • 3.1.2 RT-PCR检测哈维氏弧菌的溶血素基因
  • 3.2 结果
  • 3.2.1 斑马鱼毒力实验
  • 3.2.2 RT-PCR 检测哈维氏弧菌的溶血素基因
  • 3.3 讨论
  • 4. 复苏的哈维氏弧菌的生理生化及耐受性研究
  • 4.1 材料与方法
  • 4.1.1 哈维氏弧菌的生理生化检测——API 20E 检测
  • 4.1.2 对抗菌药物的敏感性实验
  • 4.2 结果与讨论
  • 4.2.1 哈维氏弧菌的生理生化检测——API 20E 检测
  • 4.2.2 对抗菌药物的敏感性实验
  • 5 结论
  • 参考文献
  • 致谢
  • 个人简历、在学期间发表的学术论文与研究成果
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    哈维氏弧菌活的非可培养状态的研究
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