草坪草的生理生态特性研究

论文摘要

随着经济的发展，城市化、工业化步伐的加快已成为当代社会的一个重要特征。城市化、工业化的直接后果是城市人口密度加大，空气和水质污染日益严重，生态环境质量下降，这一系列问题直接制约着社会的发展进程。环境污染，人类健康和安全等问题促使人们必须认真思考城市的可持续发展的道路，于是出现了第三代环境政策，就是要求预先给城市绿地建设提供舞台。绿地建设已成为城市可持续发展的重要技术支撑。当代的草坪业就是在这样的历史背景下大力发展起来的。草坪在城市绿地建设中所起的作用越来越大，正如J.B.Beard和R.L.Green于1994年发表了一篇在国际草坪界被广泛应用的重要文献，题为“草坪在环境保护中的作用及其对人类益处”，他们认为草坪在保护和改善脆弱的城市生态系统、重建更亲近自然、清新优美的城市环境具有独特的价值。 大面积建立草坪绿地，首要问题是草坪草种的选择，正确的草种选择是草坪建植、养护的基础。草种的选择需要考虑许多因素，其中最重要的因素是对草坪的质量要求、草坪草的生态适应性。由于草坪植物与环境要素之间的关系影响着草坪建植和养护管理的许多方面，因此，要想获得优质的草坪，不仅要对草坪植物本身的生物学特性有深入的了解，而且对草坪植物和生态环境之间的关系也必须有全面的认识。根据草坪草对气候环境的生态适应性，可将它们分为暖季型和冷季型两大类。前者最适于温度较高的季节生长，适用于热带、亚热带地区种植，该类型耐热性好，其分布北界主要受冬季低温限制。后者则最适于温度凉爽的季节生长，其分布的南界主要受季节性高温的限制。所以温度是影响草坪分布的主要限制因子，在草坪草种的适应性研究中，草坪草对不良温度的抗性是最主要的研究内容之一。 我国广大的亚热带地区和暖温带地区(包括福建)，由于其特殊的气候条件，夏季高温高湿，冬季寒冷干燥，冷季型草越夏困难，夏季高温高湿容易发生病害，造成草坪草大面积死亡，草坪产生斑秃。而耐寒性差的暖季型草如细叶结缕草和沟叶结缕草、狗牙根等常因冬季和早春的低温干旱而死亡，不能稳定越冬。长期以来，在这些地区草坪草品种以天鹅绒、马尼拉、马蹄金和狗牙根等暖季型草为主，全年的绿期只有270

论文目录

• List of tables
• List of figures
• Abstrac tin Chinese
• Summary
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1 VALUES OF TURFGRASS
• 1.1 Ecological value
• 1.2 Aesthetic and Social value
• 2.PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH WORK ON TURFGRASS IN THE RELATIVE FIELD
• 2.1 Evaluation of turf quality
• 2.2 Response to suboptimal temperature stress
• 2.2.1 Low temperature stress
• 2.2.2 Heat stress
• 2.2.3 Antioxidant metabolism associated with temperature stress
• 2.3 Fertilizer associated with turf quality
• 2.4 Regulator associated with turf quality
• 3.MAIN PROBLEMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURFGRASS ESPECIALLY IN FUJIAN
• 4.STUDY AIMS
• Chapter 2 Evaluation on turf quality in five turfgrass species in Fujian
• 1.MATERIALS AND METHODS
• 2.RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
• 2.1 Changes in turf quality among varieties in each species around the year
• 2.1.1 Performance of tall fescue
• 2.1.2 Performance of perennial Ryegrass
• 2.1.3 Performance of Kentucky bluegrass
• 2.1.4 Performance of fine fescue
• 2.1.5 Performance of Bentgrass
• 2.2 Comparison of different characteristics in different species of turfgrass
• 3.DISCUSSION
• Chapter 3 Removal of perennial ryegrass from overseeded bermudagrass using cultural Methods
• 1.MATERIALS AND METHODS
• 2.RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
• 2.1 Nonoverseeded treatments
• 2.2 Lowly mowed treatment
• 2.3 Early season N application
• 2.4 Late season N application
• 2.5 Pronamide applied
• 3.DISSCUSION
• Chapter 4 Physio-ecological characteristics of tall fescue turfgrasses and in responses to heat stress
• 1.MATERIALS AND METHODS
• 2.RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
• 2.1 Main characteristics of different varieties in tall fescue
• 2.2 Change in turf quality around the year
• 2.3 Change in root activity in different turfgrasses around the year
• 2.4 Analysis on peroxidation in different turfgrasses exposed to temperature stress
• 2.5 The performance of relative antioxidant Enzyme Activity in turf cultivar exposed to different temperature
• 3.DISCUSSION
• 3.1 Cluster analysis on tall fescue
• 3.2 Physiological response to heat stress
• Chapter 5 Interaction of phosphorus, potassium and paclobutrazol on oversummer of tall fescue
• 1.MATERIALS AND METHODS
• 2.RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
• 2.1 Effects of different treatments on the content of N, P and K in the leaves of tall fescue concerned
• 2.1.1 Effects of different treatments on nitrogen nutrient in the leaves of tall fescue concerned
• 2.1.2 Effects of different treatments on phosphorus nutrient in the leaves of tall fescue concerned
• 2.1.3 Effects of different treatments on the potassium nutrient in the tall fescue concerned
• 2.2 Effects of different treatments on the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in the leaves of tall fescue concerned
• 2.3 Effects of different treatments on the other physiological indexes in the leaves of tall fescue concerned
• 2.4 Effects of different treatments on turf quality
• 3.DISCUSSION
• Chapte 6 Interaction of phosphorus, potassium and paclobutrazol on overwinter of zoysiagrass
• 1.MATERIALS AND METHODS
• 2.RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
• 2.1 Effects of different treatments on the quality of zoysiagrass concerned
• 2.2 Effects of different treatments on the physiological indexes in the leaves of zoysiagrass concerned
• 3.DISCUSSION
• Chapter 7 Conclusions and prospects
• 1.CONCLUSIONS
• 1.1 Selection of cool-season turfgrass
• 1.2 Utility of perennial ryegrass
• 1.3 Physio-ecological characteristics of tall fescue turfgrasses and its response to heat stress
• 1.4 Effect of phosphorus, potassium and paclobutrazol on oversummer of tall fescue and its physio-ecological mechanisms
• 1.5 Effect of phosphorus, potassium and paclobutrazol on overwinter of zoysiagrass and its physio-ecological mechanisms
• 2.PROSPECTS
• 2.1 Establishing comprehensive evaluation system of turf quality
• 2.2 Strengthening the management of turfgrass
• 2.3 Hi-tech applied in turf science research
• References
• Appendix 1 （Abbreviations）
• Appendix 2 （Relative photos）
• Acknowledgements
• 在读期间发表的论文