澳大利亚老年人照护者：应对与策略

论文摘要

自1985年起,在澳大利亚,照顾老年人的责任从护理机构开始转向普通社区。这一举措有两大优势：一是可以满足老年人居家养老的愿望,二是控制护理机构养老的开销。然而,这一举措同时加重了非职业照护者的负担。有别于收费的职业照护者(如护士),非职业照护者的工作是免费的,通常由家人、朋友、邻居来担当。2003年,澳大利亚大约有二百五十万这样的照护者,照顾着身患残疾或六十岁以上的人,相当于整个人口的12.9%。2009年,非职业照护者的人数增加到了二百六十万,并在2010年达到二百八十七万。据估算,非职业照护者在2010年当年就创造山了四百亿澳元的经济价值,比2005年涨了33%。社会已经开始更多地认识到照护者的贡献,学术界也开始对他们给予关注。照护者在照顾老年人时会需要在如下方面承担个人代价：相对于非照护者,照护者更可能失业,更可能经历经济拮据,对身体疼痛和精神压力更为敏感。为了更好地支持老年人照护者,澳大利业家庭、社区服务和原住民事务部(FaHCSIA),卫生和老龄部(DoHA),以及退伍军人事务部(DVA)通过工资和其它补充报酬来提供经济援助,同时提供了各种项目和服务包括：暂托照护、咨询、教育、培训、家庭支持、支持组和多成分介入。本论文首先简要介绍澳大利业照护者和首要照护者,包括他们的人口和社会经济概况、角色和贡献。本文收集、分类照护行为带给澳大利亚老年人照护者的代价,包括在就职、经济状态、身体健康和情感健康方面的影响。随后,论文从宏观角度介绍澳大利业专门针对老年人照护者的支持与服务,从照护者的角度分析最有效的介入,进而从微观上更好地研究澳大利业针对老年人照护者提供的支持体系。

论文目录

• 论文摘要
• Abstract
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Introducing the Issue
• 1.2 Literature Review
• 1.3 On Methodology
• Chapter 2 A Brief Description of Carer for the Aged in Australia
• 2.1 A Profile of Carers and Primary Carers
• 2.1.1 Carers' Size,Gender,Age and Caring Relations
• 2.1.2 Primary Carers' Size,Gender,Age and Caring Relations
• 2.1.3 Comparisons between Carers and Non-Carers
• 2.2 The Nature and Intensity of Caregiving
• 2.2.1 Caregiving Activities
• 2.2.2 Amount of Time Spent Caregiving
• 2.3 The Value of Carers
• 2.3.1 Patient Care and Management
• 2.3.2 Economic Value of Informal Care
• Chapter 3 Caregiving Cost
• 3.1 Caregiving Cost on Employment and Finances
• 3.1.1 Caregiving Cost on Employment
• 3.1.2 Caregiving Cost on Finances
• 3.2 Caregiving Cost on Health and Wellbeing
• 3.2.1 Caregiving Cost on Health
• 3.2.2 Caregiving Cost on Wellbeing
• 3.3 Sub-Groups of Carers
• 3.3.1 Carers of People with Mental Disability
• 3.3.2 Women Carers
• Chapter 4 Australia Support System for Carers
• 4.1 A Brief Description of Australia Support System for Carers
• 4.2 Government Administration of Supports and Services
• 4.3 Financial Support for Carers
• 4.4 Australian Government Programs and Services
• 4.4.1 Department of Families,Housing,Community Services and Indigenous Affairs
• 4.4.2 Department of Health and Ageing
• 4.4.3 Department of Veterans' Affairs
• 4.5 State and Territory Government Programs and Services
• Chapter 5 Effective Interventions from Carers' Perspective
• 5.1 Respite Care
• 5.1.1 Users of Respite Care
• 5.1.2 Factors Influencing Non-Utilization of Respite Care
• 5.2 Information Sources
• 5.3 Other Interventions
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements