论文摘要
当今世界,人们在尽享空前丰富的物质生活的同时,渴望有丰富的文化及多彩的娱乐活动来充实他们的精神世界。而戏剧作为一门高雅艺术,在过去主要为上层社会所享,而当今,这种艺术形式已经家喻户晓被人民大众所共享。随着人们对外来戏剧文化需求的不断增长,戏剧翻译得到了长足发展。戏剧翻译研究也从“被遗忘的角落”引起了更多学者的关注,从而带动了戏剧翻译研究的进步。但是戏剧不同于其它文学体裁,它是一门综合艺术形式,有其自己独特的二元特性:可读性和可表演性。而正是这一独特的二元特性掣肘了其翻译的进行。尽管关于这一领域的论文和专著相对较少,但国内外的许多学者还是取得了比较可喜的成绩。在国内,如朱生豪,英若诚,余光中等翻译家都翻译了许多优秀的作品并成功搬上了舞台。西方许多学者在多年翻译实践及研究的基础上也总结出了许多戏剧翻译经验、原则和翻译策略,试图走出巴斯奈特所说戏剧翻译的“迷宫”。文学理论研究经历了从关注作者到关注文本,再到关注读者的三个阶段。在这一过程中学术界出现了许多流派,产生了许多理论。接受美学,也叫接受理论,于上世纪六十年代后期产生于德国,在七十年代达到顶峰很快风靡整个欧美文学界,在八十年代中期传入中国。现今,其影响早已突破原有领域,渗透到文学研究的各个层面。基于现象美学和阐释美学理论,接受美学强调读者和文学作品间的互动,认为没有经过读者阅读的文学作品是毫无意义的,不能称之为作品。期待视野则为接受美学中的核心概念,它主要指接受者在进入接受过程之前,根据自身的阅读经验和审美趣味等,对于文学接受方面的预先估计与期盼。期待视野理论认为读者原有的期待视野与新作品接受间有审美距离,姚斯指出:“期待视野与作品间的距离,熟识的先在审美经验与新作品接受所需求的‘视野的变化’之间的距离,决定着文学作品的艺术特性。”(姚斯,1982)当新作品完全符合读者的期待视野时,作品能被很容易地接受。否则,接受者就需要调整他的期待视野来理解新的文学作品。接受者的期待视野不是静止的,每次鉴赏新的文学作品,我们都受到原有期待视野的限制,同时优秀作品也给我们新的思想和各种美的感受,也不断的发展和拓宽我们的期待视野。本论文作者从期待视野理论视角对戏剧翻译做试探性研究,并结合《不可儿戏》翻译中大量的例证来证明该理论在戏剧翻译中的实用性。该戏剧有许多中文翻译版本,其中只有余光中的译本搬上了舞台并大获成功。通过对比分析,我们从中总结出余光中翻译的成功在于他对观众期待视野及审美经验的考虑。
论文目录
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