英语名词化的语篇功能及英语科技语篇的汉译

论文摘要

名词化在英语中是一个非常普遍的现象。结构,转换生成,认知,系统功能四大主要语言学流派都对名词化的研究做出过贡献。本文以系统功能语言学为理论基础,比较系统地探讨英语名词化的语篇功能,并从语篇功能角度探讨科技英语中名词化的汉译。文章首先交代了名词化的定义、类型划分以及如何从系统功能语言学的角度看待名词化。韩礼德(2000)在讨论语言的功能时曾多次提到名词化现象,在讨论语法隐喻时特别指出名词化是语法隐喻的一个重要来源。为了论述需要,文章对相关的系统功能语法和语法隐喻的理论也作了介绍。接着,本文重点探讨了名词化的衔接功能以及简洁、客观、权威、预设功能,并通过具体的例证进行了分析。由于本文是探讨科技英语语篇中名词化的汉译,对科技英语的特点也作了一番介绍。然后,作者分析了英汉两种语言的不同特点,在前人研究的基础上进一步论证了英语的名词化倾向和汉语的动词化倾向,得出英语中正式语体多非一致式表达,而汉语习惯于更加自然的一致式表达的结论。最后,文章重点从语篇功能的角度探讨了科技英语语篇中名词化的汉译问题,总结归纳了译成相应的名词化形式、动词或形容词、主谓结构或动宾结构、小句,以及调整语篇结构等翻译技巧。名词化作为语法隐喻的主要手段,其特征就是客观、抽象和准确,因此在科技英语中被频繁使用并被认为是科技英语的主要特点之一。如何再现名词化所表现的客观事实并流畅而准确的翻译成中文是整个科技语篇翻译的关键。如果对英语名词化结构的语篇功能以及对英汉两种语言表达方式的差异了解不够,会大大降低整个科技英语语篇的汉译质量。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One:Introduction
• 1.1 Rationale and Aim of the Present Thesis
• 1.2 A Brief Review of the Research Done in This Field
• 1.3 Arrangement of the Thesis
• Chapter Two:An Overview of English Nominalization
• 2.1 Definition of English Nominalization
• 2.2.Category of Nominalization
• 2.2.1 Lexical Nominalization
• 2.2.2 Clausal Nominalization
• 2.2.2.1 Nominalized Clauses
• 2.2.2.2 Nominalized Non-finite Verbal Groups
• 2.3 Nominalization in the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics
• 2.3.1 The Theory of Grammatical Metaphor
• 2.3.1.1 The Theory of Realization
• 2.3.1.2 Congruent and Incongruent Realizations
• 2.3.2 Classification of Grammatical Metaphor
• Chapter Three The Textual Functions of English Nominalization and EST
• 3.1 The Theory of Three Metafunctions of Language
• 3.2 The Textual Functions of Nominalization
• 3.2.1 Cohesive Function
• 3.2.1.1 To Promote Thematic Progression
• 3.2.1.2 To Help with Information Structure
• 3.2.1.3 To Enhance Concise Reference and Smooth Transitions
• 3.2.1.4 To Help with Lexical Cohesion
• 3.2.2 Other Textual Functions
• 3.2.2.1 To Contribute to Conciseness
• 3.2.2.2 To Contribute to Objectivity
• 3.2.2.3 To Contribute to Authority
• 3.2.2.4 To Contribute to Formality
• 3.2.2.5 To Trigger Presupposition
• 3.3 EST as a Register Particularly Rich in Nominalization
• Chapter Four A Comparison of the Styles of Diction in English and Chinese
• 4.1 Tendency Towards Using Nouns in English
• 4.1.1 The Relative Richness in Morphological Changes
• 4.1.2 The Strict Syntactic Requirements
• 4.1.3 The Syntax of Nouns
• 4.1.4 Tendency Towards Using Nouns
• 4.2 Tendency Towards Using Verbs in Chinese
• 4.2.1 Lacking of Morphological Changes
• 4.2.2 The Incompact Syntactic Structure
• 4.2.3 The Syntax of Verbs
• 4.2.4 Verbal Style of Diction
• 4.3 More Incongruent Expressions vs.More Congruent Expressions
• Chapter Five The Chinese Rendering of Nominalizations in EST Texts
• 5.1 Criterion for EST Translation
• 5.2 Translation of Nominalizations in EST into Chinese
• 5.2.1 Into Equivalent Nominalizations
• 5.2.2 Into Verbs or Adjectives
• 5.2.3 Into 'Subject+Verb' or 'Verb+Object' Constructions
• 5.2.4 Into Clauses
• 5.2.5 Rearrangement of Text Structure
• Chapter Six Conclusions
• Bibliography