新中国(1949-1966)翻译政治性 ——意识形态操纵及《牛虻》个案分析

新中国(1949-1966)翻译政治性 ——意识形态操纵及《牛虻》个案分析

论文摘要

意识形态,自提出后就一直是整个社会科学中最令人迷惑的一个概念。本文从Althusser有关意识形态的社会功能出发,研究其对中国解放后至文革前文学翻译活动的深刻影响及控制作用。文中意识形态指的是统治阶级通过其各种相关机构实施的有意识的活动,以此来巩固其统治地位及进行各种统治管理工作。本文讨论的是统治阶级将这种意识运用于文学作品,尤其是翻译文学作品中的行为,即对翻译文学作品的有意识的操控。西方操控学派成员Lefevere和Bassnett从意识和社会文化环境的角度进行翻译研究,在翻译文学的操控方面贡献卓越,因此本论文主要以Lefevere的翻译理论,尤其是其文学翻译与其直接环境以及其内在组织之间相互影响的理论为基础。Lefevere指出有两个控制因素确保文学系统能与其他社会系统相协调,本文从这两因素出发,分析了李俍民于1953年翻译出版的《牛虻》,经当时中国意识形态的操控,采取相应翻译策略,最后在我国产生深远影响以及大受欢迎的原因,得出的结论是《牛虻》符合当时中国的主流意识,即革命的社会主义精神。正因为意识形态是统治阶级通过操控社会活动来巩固统治地位及顺利开展统治工作,因此一切社会活动,包括翻译活动,都是为统治阶级政治活动服务的,带有一种政治倾向,一种政治性。然而政治性随政治的不同而不同,根据王浦劬在《政治学基础》中对政治的定义,本论文所讨论的政治是“非马克思主义政治”中“对于权力的追求和运用”,关注的是“政治权力”层面。文中的政治性是这种“政治权力”通过意识形态在社会活动中的体现。新中国建立后到文革前(1949年—1966年)这一特殊历史时期的社会活动都是我国统治阶级政治权力在政治生活中的体现,具有鲜明的政治性。社会活动作为一种社会存在能够体现社会意识,社会活动的政治性也体现社会意识的政治性。根据Althusser的意识形态理论,统治阶级将这带有鲜明政治性的意识有目的地运用于文学领域,尤其是本论文关注的翻译文学,最终决定了这一特殊历史时期翻译文学的政治性。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract (Chinese)
  • Abstract (English)
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 The reason for choosing this topic and the goal of this paper
  • 1.2 The theoretical method of this paper
  • 1.3 The layout of this paper
  • Chapter Two Theoretical framework
  • 2.1 Manipulation School
  • 2.2 Lefevere’s translation theory
  • 2.2.1 The manipulative factors involved in literary translation
  • 2.3 Ideological manipulation of literary translation
  • Chapter Three The choice of The Gadfly for translation
  • 3.1 English-Chinese translation of The Gadfly
  • 3.1.1 Researches focusing on the political function of the Chinese version of The Gadfly
  • 3.1.2 The urgent needs that The Gadfly should be translated
  • 3.2 The reasons for the popularity of the novel, the author and the translator in
  • 3.2.1 Ethel Lilian Voynich (1864-1960) & The Gadfly
  • 3.2.1.1 About Ethel Lilian Voynich & The Gadfly
  • 3.2.1.2 A brief introduction to the novel and its gist
  • 3.2.2 Li Liangmin & The Gadfly
  • 3.2.2.1 About Li Liangmin (1919 - 1991) & his translation activities
  • 3.2.2.2 About Li Liangmin & his translation The Gadfly
  • 3.3 Analysis of changes in the Chinese version of The Gadfly
  • 3.3.1 Character deformation
  • 3.3.2 The deletion in the Chinese version of The Gadfly
  • 3.3.2.1 Deletion of religious & superstitious descriptions
  • Chapter Four Political nature of translation in China
  • 4.1 Three reasons for the political nature of the translations
  • 4.1.1 Historical & Social reasons
  • 4.1.2 Human reasons
  • 4.1.3 Reasons of political system
  • Chapter Five Conclusion
  • Bibliography
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    新中国(1949-1966)翻译政治性 ——意识形态操纵及《牛虻》个案分析
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