论文摘要
“道”是宇宙天地的本原,是道家的核心概念;语言是人类历史上最重要的沟通交流手段。然而《道德经》开宗明义,说“道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名”,言对道既澄明又遮蔽的关系就显露于我们面前。明确言与道的关系,对于理解老子道家整个哲学思想体系有着至关重要的理论意义。本论文从对《道德经》原著的细致解读入手,充分把握已有的研究成果,同时以西方语言哲学为参照,系统讨论了老子如何用言说不可说之道的问题。全文分为导言、正文、结论三个部分,其中正文部分分为以下五个章节;第一章,从意识形态方面,通过道家与儒家的对比,介绍了道家产生的必然性,第二章,介绍了先秦时期的名实之辨和言意之辨,以及关于言能否尽意的三个观点及其代表人物流派。同时引用了维特根斯坦关于神秘事物不可说的一些理论对道的不可言说性进行简单的阐述。第三章,论述“道”因何不可言,从言说主体,言说对象及作为媒介的语言三个方面展开分析,剖析“道”不可言的原因。第四章,尽管老子认为道不可说,但是他毕竟还在言说。本章挖掘了老子运用的一些特殊的言说方式;正言若反,隐喻以及希言贵言。这些言说方式巧妙的在语言和道的不可说性之间取得了平衡,成功的说出了不可说之道。第五章,老子及庄子主张“得意忘言”,进行“不言之教”,走向了一条超越语言,以“心斋”、“坐忘”的方式来体道、悟道之路。
论文目录
摘要英文摘要IntroductionChapter One The Beginning of Tao in Terms of Ideology1.1 Laotse,Tao Te Ching and Tao1.2 The Comparison Between Taoism and Confucianism in Terms of IdeologyChapter Two Something about Language and Tao in the Period of Pre-Qin2.1 The Debate on Speech and Implication2.2 Three Views on Whether Language Can Fully Express Meaning2.3 Wittgenstein's Theory on Language and Metaphysics2.4 Laotse's Claim on the Unsayablity of TaoChapter Three The Reasons for the Unsayability of Tao3.1 The Analysis of Tao3.1.1 Tao is the Origin of the World3.1.2.Tao's Metaphysical Characteristic is Unsayable3.1.3 Tao's Eternity is Unsayable3.1.4 Tao's Universality is Unsayable3.1.5 Tao's Integrity is Unsayable3.1.6 Tao's Dysteleology is Unsayable3.2 The Analysis of the Speaker3.2.1 The Life-span of Human Being is too Short to be Aware of the Law of Universe3.2.2 Human Beings' Living Space Limit Their Recognition of the Universe3.2.3 People's Different Position in Observing the World Results in the Incomplete Recognition of the Universe3.3 The Analysis of the Mediate-LanguageChapter Four To Say Unsayable Tao4.1 To Say Straight Forward is no Difference From Saying its Opposite Side4.2 The use of Metaphor4.3 Using Fewer and Exact Words to Express TaoChapter Five "Meaning Grasped,Words Forgotten"5.1 Wordless Teaching5.2 "Meaning Grasped,Words Forgotten"ConclusionBibliography在读期间科研成果简介Acknowledgements
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