“林译小说”及其‘误译’的描述性研究

“林译小说”及其‘误译’的描述性研究

论文摘要

林纾是中国近代史上一位杰出的翻译家,同时也是中国翻译史上最为独特的一位翻译家。他不懂任何一门外语,却通过笔录他人口述的方式翻译了11个国家98位作家180多种作品。他的译作被后人综称为“林译小说”,其中一部分在他所处的时代产生过很大的影响并获得了许多现代著名作家的赞誉。然而,“林译小说”尽管风行一时并广为阅读,在以原文为中心的翻译观盛行的时期,受到了不少的指责和批评。以原文为中心的传统翻译观认为原文是衡量译作的绝对标准,强调译作对原文的忠实对等。而“林译小说”因其删节,增添或改写之处众多被指为“误译随处可见”,“不忠实于原作”。描述性翻译研究学派认为翻译是多元系统中的一个子系统,是译者在规范约束下对原文的操控或改写。每一次操控或改写都是译者所做的决定,每一个先在的决定都影响随后的决定,因而翻译是一个译者不断做决定的过程。翻译不是唯一的,不存在‘理想的’或‘真实的’翻译”。因此,描述性翻译研究学派认为翻译研究的目的不是判断翻译的对错,确定翻译是否符合我们理想中的翻译,而是在接受译者的翻译为翻译的基础上,分析为什么译者会做出这样的决定,是哪些因素的影响导致了译者做出这样的决定。本文采用描述性翻译研究学派中佐哈尔的系统观,图里,切斯特曼和赫尔曼斯的规范观以及利弗尔的操控观为理论依据,主要通过对“林译小说”及其“误译”进行观察,凭借译论者和批评者的阐述,以及林纾本人的评论来探索和分析“林译小说”和“误译”现象以及其产生的原因,从而得出“林译小说”中大多数的“误译”并非误译而是林纾对原文的有意操控或改写的结论。为全面公正评价林纾提供佐证,同时也为客观评价其他译者及其译作提供一个范例。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgement
  • Abstract (Chinese)
  • Abstract (English)
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Theoretical Framework
  • 1.1 Translation Studies Before the Occurrence of DTS
  • 1.2 The DTS school
  • 1.3 The Three Vital Concepts of DTS
  • 1.3.1 The Concept of System
  • 1.3.2 The Concept of Norms
  • 1.3.2.1 Gideon Toury’s Norms
  • 1.3.2.2 Andrew Chesterman’s Norms
  • 1.3.2.3 Theo Herman’s Norms
  • 1.3.3 The Concept of Manipulation
  • 1.4 Summary and Enlightenment
  • Chapter 2 Descriptive Approach to Lin Shu’s Fiction Translation
  • 2.1 General Survey on the Works Translated by Lin Shu
  • 2.2 Subject Analysis
  • 2.2.1 Romantic Novels
  • 2.2.2 Social Novels
  • 2.2.3 Moral and Detective Novels and Mystery Novels
  • 2.2.4 Adventure Novels
  • 2.2.5 Historical Novels
  • 2.2.6 Political Novels
  • 2.2.7 Satirical Novels
  • 2.3 Source Text Selection
  • 2.4 Why Lin Shu Translated So Many Novels?
  • 2.4.1 Preliminary Norms --- Advocating Fictional Translation
  • 2.4.2 Lin Shu’s Understanding of Fiction
  • 2.4.3 Lin Shu’s Translation Purpose
  • 2.5 Influence of Traditional Chinese Values on Lin Shu’s Translation
  • Chapter 3 Investigation on the Mistranslations in Lin Shu’s Fiction Translation
  • 3.1 Comments Made by Lin Shu and Others about Mistranslations
  • 3.2 Categories of Mistakes
  • 3.2.1 Mistakes Due to Translator’s Incompetence and Carelessness
  • 3.2.2 Mistakes Due to Deliberate Manipulation
  • 3.3 The Exhibition of Deliberate Mistranslations
  • 3.3.1 Addition
  • 3.3.2 Abridgement and Deletion
  • 3.3.3 Adaptation
  • Chapter 4 Survey on the Causes behind Lin Shu’s So-Called Mistranslations
  • 4.1 The Adjustment for Readers’Response
  • 4.1.1 Replacing Western Ethics with Chinese Ethics
  • 4.1.2 Manipulating the Textual Contents of Foreign Writing to Suit Chinese Readers
  • 4.1.3 Removing the Alien Factors in the Originals (Addition)
  • 4.2 The Expression of Lin Shu’s Political Viewpoints
  • 4.3 The Influence of the Then Translation Practice
  • 4.4 The Retranslation of these So-Called ‘Mistranslations
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
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    “林译小说”及其‘误译’的描述性研究
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