汉语使役结构及使役动词研究

论文摘要

使役是人类语言一个非常重要的句法和语义范畴,在汉语中,使役结构是最重要的句式结构之一,常与主动句和被动句相等同。使役研究历来也受到语言学家的关注,然而,目前汉语界对汉语使役结构的研究存在几个问题:一是割裂使役的句法和语义联系,从单方面对其进行研究;二是对使役结构的范围尚未确定,认识不一致;三是传统、理论研究多,实证、应用的研究少。这些因素导致归纳使役动词时概括性和准确性不高。笔者参考了收录使役动词的几本工具书,发现其中的使役动词缺乏代表性和准确性。Comrie (1981)指出使役结构的研究热正是因为它涉及句法和语义的交互研究。只有把句法分析和语义分析结合起来考察使役结构,才能找到判断使役结构的客观条件,建立更具准确性和代表性的使役动词词表。这种词表的建立对于计算机自然语言处理和对外汉语教学非常有益,本文就是以实际应用为出发点,在这方面进行一些探索性研究。本研究的目的就是根据客观条件,建立一个相对以前更准确的使役动词词表;同时通过对使役结构的句法和语义描写,以期为对外汉语教学提供一些帮助。本研究在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,着重从功能类型学出发,综合运用句法和语义手段对汉语两类使役结构进行研究。这两类使役结构是致动式和带使役义的兼语式。笔者试图确定这两类使役结构的句法和语义范围,确立一些客观判断条件,然后对它们包含的使役动词进行考察和探索性分类。笔者对《动词用法词典》所列使役动词进行逐个检验,在此基础上建立了一个小容量使役动词词表,以期对后续研究有所启发。

论文目录

• 中文摘要
• ABSTRACT
• CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 SIGNIFICANCE AND PURPOSES OF PRESENT STUDY
• 1.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND THESIS ORGANIZATION
• 1.2.1 Research methodology
• 1.2.2 Thesis organization
• 1.3 CONCEPTS CONCERNING CAUSATIVES
• 1.3.1 Causative situation
• 1.3.2 Semantic elements of causatives
• 1.3.3 Causative constructions and causative verbs
• 1.3.4 Causer and causee
• CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
• 2.1 GENERAL REVIEW ON PAST RESEARCH
• 2.1.1 Abroad research
• 2.1.2 Domestic Research
• 2.2 CAUSATIVE TYPES
• 2.2.1 The lexical type
• 2.2.2 The morphological type
• 2.2.3 The periphrastic type
• 2.2.4 Summary
• 2.3 DIRECT CAUSATION AND INDIRECT CAUSATION
• CHAPTER THREE LEXICAL CAUSATIVES IN CHINESE
• 3.1 CHINESE LEXICAL CAUSATIVES
• 3.1.1 Range of Chinese lexical causatives
• 3.1.2 Zhidongshi in Chinese
• 3.1.3 The evolution of ZDS
• 3.2 CLOSE EXAMINATION OF ZDS
• 3.2.1 Ergative
• 3.2.2 Diagnostic formulae for ZDS
• 3.2.3 Disyllabic ZDVs and Verb-Resultative phrases
• 3.2.4 Temporary ZDS
• 3.3 CLASSIFICATION OF ZDV
• 3.3.1 Intransitive as ZDV
• 3.3.2 Adjective as ZDV
• 3.3.3 Transitive as ZDV
• 3.3.4 Noun as ZDV
• 3.4 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER FOUR PERIPHRASTIC CAUSATIVES IN CHINESE
• 4.1 CHINESE PERIPHRASTIC CAUSATIVES
• 4.1.1 Chinese OSC
• 4.1.2 Semantic scope of OSC
• 4.1.3 “V-De”periphrastic causative
• 4.2 CLOSE EXAMINATION OF OSC
• 4.2.1 Two syntactic diagnostic approaches
• 4.2.2 Calling-naming and election-appointment classes
• 4.2.3 Time order of causing event and caused event
• 4.2.4 Covert periphrastic causatives
• 4.3 SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF PCV
• 4.3.1 Degree of causation
• 4.3.2 Subcategories of PCV
• 4.4 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER FIVE CLOSING WORDS
• 5.1 CONCLUSION
• 5.1.1 Establishment of causative verb vocabulary
• 5.1.2 Pedagogical implications
• 5.2 FURTHER STDUY
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX I ZDV VOCABULARY
• APPENDIX II PERIPHRASTIC VERB VOCABULARY
• APPENDIX III CAUSATIVE VERBS LISTED IN DICTIONARY
• APPENDIX Ⅳ 作者攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文目录