当代圣经文学翻译：理念与实践探索 ——以冯象《创世纪》和《约伯记》译本为例

论文摘要

在中国《圣经》的翻译始于唐代,至今已有一千三百多年的历史。在这期间随着《圣经》的传播,不断有翻译家对《圣经》译本进行修改与重译,由此产生的翻译观也不断发生改变。本文将中国圣经翻译理念的发展分为三个阶段:(1)本土化翻译阶段:唐代来自西域的阿罗本面对中国儒教道教传统所采用的翻译策略。(2)忠实文本翻译阶段:明清时期以贺清泰、马礼逊为代表的传教士译者重视保存《圣经》“本文本意”的翻译思想。(3)文学化翻译阶段:以严复翻译《马可福音》前四章为标志,中国本土译者对《圣经》的文学化翻译。圣经汉译的文学化进程大体可分为三个阶段:(1)试译阶段(1908年):以严复翻译《马可福音》前四章为标志。(2)发展阶段(20世纪20年代开始):文学翻译家对圣经诗歌的文学翻译。(3)文学翻译阶段(20世纪80年代开始):旅美中国学者冯象和王汉川对《圣经》的文学翻译。圣经汉译走向文学化与中国文人看待《圣经》的文本观有直接关系。唐代受固有的儒道思想影响,外来传教士将《圣经》进行了本土化的诠释和翻译。马礼逊将完整的《圣经》译成汉语后,中国读者得以领略《圣经》全貌,认识到《圣经》的文学品质。新文学运动之后,许地山、朱维之、吴经熊、冯象等译者用文学手段将《圣经》翻译出来后,《圣经》逐渐被当作文学作品来接受。而在西方,《圣经》的神学文本价值历来被视为首要价值,《圣经》被视为宗教文本,因此在很长时间内圣经翻译理论主要围绕如何传播圣经的宗教功能展开,即选择直译(如哲罗姆“词对词”的翻译策略)还是意译(如奈达的“动态对等”翻译原则)。本文首先通过对比中西方圣经翻译思想的异同及其文化根源,指出圣经汉译的文学化趋向,然后重点研究中国语境下“文学的”圣经汉译理念,并以冯象翻译的《创世纪》和《约伯记》为例,分析圣经文学翻译的实践,最后得出结论,总结圣经文学翻译的理念及其表现。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Significance of the Research
• 1.3 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Researches on Bible Translation in the West
• 2.1.1 The Theological Approach to Bible Translation
• 2.1.2 The Philological Approach to Bible Translation
• 2.1.3 The Linguistic Approach to Bible Translation
• 2.1.4 The Communicative Approach to Bible Translation
• 2.1.5 Summary
• 2.2 Researches on Bible Translation in China
• 2.2.1 Incultralized Bible Translation
• 2.2.2 Word-for-Word Bible Translation
• 2.2.3 Literary Bible Translation
• 2.3 The Current Situation of Literary Translation of the Bible
• Chapter Three Literalization of the Bible Translation in China
• 3.1 Three Views of the Biblical Text
• 3.1.1 The Bible as a Religious Text
• 3.1.2 The Bible as a Historical Text
• 3.1.3 The Bible as a Literary Text
• 3.2 Comparison of Bible Translation in China and the West
• 3.2.1 Similarities
• 3.2.2 Differences
• 3.3 The Literalizing Process of Bible Translation in China
• 3.3.1 Beginning of Literalization—Yan Fu’s Translation of the Biblical Fragment
• 3.3.2 Development of Literalization—Translations of Biblical Poems and Songs Done by Chinese Translators
• 3.3.3 Attempt for Literary Translation of the Bible
• Chapter Four Literary Translation of the Bible Exemplified by Feng Xiang’s Genesis and Book of Job
• 4.1 Feng Xiang’s Translation of the Bible
• 4.2 Feng Xiang’s Translating Principles and Strategies
• 4.3 An Analysis of Feng Xiang’s Translation of Genesis
• 4.3.1 Representation of Short and Simple Language
• 4.3.2 Employment of Colloquial Expressions
• 4.3.3 Employment of Literary Skills
• 4.3.4 Employment of Exquisite Words
• 4.4 An Analysis of Feng Xiang’s Translation of the Book of Job
• 4.4.1 Reorganization of the Poetic Structure
• 4.4.2 Employment of the Poetic Wording
• 4.4.3 Representation of the Poetic Ethos
• 4.5 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Findings of the Research
• 5.2 Limitations of the Thesis
• 5.3 Suggestions for Future Research
• Bibliography
• Appendix Ⅰ A List of Chinese Versions of the Bible
• Appendix Ⅱ A List of Feng Xiang’s Works
• Acknowledgements
• 个人简历
• 发表的学术论文