论文摘要
精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病,在普通人群中发病率约为1%,多数人终身不愈。本文通过荟萃分析和基于microRNA预测软件的生物信息学手段,挖掘精神分裂症易感基因以及相关功能性多态性位点,这些位点可能通过调节某些重要基因mRNA的表达,从而在疾病中发挥重要功能。本研究结果将为深入研究特定多态性位点的功能提供有价值的指导。谷胺酸脱羧酶(GAD1)催化谷胺酸合成一种重要的神经递质——γ-氨基丁酸,许多研究均显示该通路与精神疾病有关。有关GAD1基因多态性与精神疾病的相关性研究试图从遗传学角度探讨相关精神疾病的发病机制,但结果很不一致。我们收集了2008年8月以前pubmed收录的所有GAD1基因多态性与精神分裂症及其相关疾病的文献进行荟萃分析。结果表明,在该基因中没有发现与疾病明显相关的SNPs;但是,文献报道阳性的haplotype block覆盖整个GAD1基因,这提示精神分裂症的易感性可能与GAD1的特定SNP组合有关,而不是单一的某个SNP位点。神经调节因子(NRG1)也是研究精神分裂症倍受关注的基因之一,对其与精神分裂症的关联已经有3次meta分析被报道,但互相矛盾。本文分析了2008年9月以前pubmed收录的所有case-control以及family-based的相关性研究,共8049例病人和8869例对照人群以及1515个家系。结果表明(1)对于已有的两种整合case-control研究和family研究的方法进行对比,发现Lohmueller方法与Kazeem方法在分析结果上没有统计差异,表明这两种整合方法没有明显差异;(2)case-control研究设计与包括case-control和family在内的研究设计其荟萃分析结果也没有统计差异,说明family与case-control研究其结果的一致性;整合两种设计的实验其结果将更加准确,统计效力增强;(3) NRG1的SNP8NRG221132,420M9-1395(0),478B14-848(0)呈阳性结果,其余的包括研究最多的SNP8NRG221533都呈阴性。根据标记频率计算的共祖先系数显示人群分层非常明显;(4)构建的易感基因功能网络显示,这些易感基因相互联系很小,提示精神分裂症多致病因之间的独立性。越来越多研究证明,miRNA与精神分裂症等神经和精神性疾病密切相关。miRNA与靶基因3’UTR结合区域内部的SNPs(PolymiRTS)可能会影响miRNA与靶基因的结合。关于精神分裂症易感基因可能的PolymiRTS及其在精神分裂症中的作用,目前尚没有文献报道。我们通过miRNA靶基因预测软件(pictar,microinspector,rnahybrid,miRbase,miRanda),对425个与精神分裂症相关联或落在关联区域的基因进行了分析。我们共定位到803个SNPs可能位于miRNA的结合域(PolymiRTS),并计算了这些位点与miRNA结合的吉布斯自由能(△G)以及不同基因型对△G的改变(△△G)。我们接下来检索了Szdabase和Pubmed关于这803个SNPs与精神分裂症及其他疾病的关联研究,并基于“不同基因型——影响转录本表达——导致表型改变”的模式和△G、△△G的变化,我们对这些SNPs与精神分裂症可能的关联和功能进行了分析。结果如下:(1)部分PolymiRTS在3个以上的研究中被报道与精神分裂症阳性关联,包括rs10759 of RGS4,rs165599 of COMT以及rs372055 of PRODH;(2)被报道与其他疾病相关联的预测到的PolymiRTS可能与精神分裂症阳性关联;(3)目前尚没有关联研究报道的预测到的PolymiRTS可能是精神分裂症阳性关联位点。总的来说,本论文对GAD1和NRG1的荟萃分析在方法上有了新的改进和扩展,并强烈提示了易感基因的单个突变位点对疾病表型影响的弱效性和遗传因素在人群中的异质性;采用遗传学方法来处理复杂疾病,有待更新的遗传统计理论和算法来解决这些问题。另外,本研究中所识别到的可能具有功能的PolymiRTS将对今后设计精神分裂症的关联分析以及进行miRNA在精神分裂症中的实验性研究提供重要的依据。
论文目录
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