论文摘要
补体是动物体液中重要的免疫物质,由40多种蛋白质组成,广泛存在于血清、组织液和细胞膜表面,是具有精密调控机制的蛋白质反应系统,其活化过程表现为一系列丝氨酸蛋白酶的级联酶解反应。多种微生物成分、抗原-抗体复合物以及其他外源性和内源性的物质可通过3条途径(经典激活途径、旁路激活和途径MBL激活途径)激活补体,这3条途径以裂解C3形成C3b相互交叉,由C3b形成不同的C5转化酶(C4b2a3b、C3bBb),激活补体C5开始共同的终末反应过程,最后形成膜攻击复合物(MAC)插入靶细胞,通过破坏靶细胞局部磷脂双层而形成渗漏斑,或形成穿膜的亲水性孔道,导致靶细胞崩解。可见补体C3是补体系统发挥免疫作用的关键分子。在以上理论的指导下,本课题对鸡补体C3的主要生物学特性进行了研究,探明了鸡体内补体C3的分子量、含量以及C3的作用、作用原理进行了研究.1.探明了鸡与哺乳动物对细菌性疫苗免疫效果不同的原因。在实验中,将O78大肠杆菌活化,扩大培养,以甲醛灭活,蜂胶为佐剂制备大肠杆菌颗粒性疫苗,免疫11日龄海蓝褐蛋用公雏,制备大肠杆菌抗血清;将大肠杆菌抗血清中的补体灭活,使之与已定数量的大肠杆菌反应,形成抗原抗体复合物,然后加入不同动物的新鲜血清,通过细菌计数,观察不同动物血清补体对大肠杆菌的清除能力;建立了微量血凝法测定动物血清补体效价,并对鸡和几种哺乳动物新鲜血清中的补体总活性进行测定。结果表明,单纯抗体与活菌结合后,对细菌的清除作用影响微弱,而加入补体后,抗体杀灭细菌的能力明显增强;经比较,哺乳动物血清中的补体对细菌的清除能力明显高于鸡;而豚鼠的补体的杀菌能力又明显高于其他哺乳动物;对不同动物血清补体总活性的测定结果表明,成年SPF鸡的补体总活性为25,低于兔、猪、牛、羊、豚鼠等哺乳动物,在这几种哺乳动物中,豚鼠的血清补体总活性为28。由此证明:不同动物体内补体活性的差异是哺乳动物和鸡对细菌性疫苗免疫效果不同的原因。2.抗鸡补体C3IgG的制备。按照鸡补体C3的α链上羧基端第1272位到1292位的21个氨基酸残基序列人工合成模拟C3分子的21肽,以戊二醛作为交联剂,与牛血清白蛋白载体偶联结合,制成人工合成抗原复合物。将此人工合成抗原与弗氏佐剂混合乳化成油乳剂疫苗免疫注射家兔,制备成抗21肽血清,并用硫酸铵沉淀法提取抗血清中的IgG;采用间接ELISA方法测定抗21肽血清和IgG的抗体效价。结果表明,人工合成的
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