布什政府对非洲的石油政策及其对美国国家安全的影响

论文摘要

自人类进入21世纪以来,世界的石油需求一直呈上升趋势。与此同时,世界石油版图发生重大变化,随着非洲石油重要性的日益上升,非洲已成为众多主要石油消费国的目标。作为当今世界上最大的石油消费国,美国开始将石油政策的重心从中东地区向非洲转移。非洲对美国的重要战略意义主要包括以下两个方面:石油和反恐。一方面,美国加大军事,外交和经济投入力度,攫取非洲石油,降低对中东石油出口的依赖。另一方面,非洲的贫穷和内乱被视为恐怖主义的温床,因此美国将非洲视为反恐的重要战略伙伴。本文拟从美国对非洲的石油政策为切入点,探寻日益军事化的政策对美国国家安全的影响,通过对美国对非石油政策的具体分析,得出以下结论。美国对非洲的军事化政策一方面为美国攫取非洲石油提供了安全的军事保障,增强了非洲国家的反恐能力,有利于打击恐怖主义,另一方面也容易激起反美情绪。因此,如何避免日益军事化的政策给美国国家安全带来潜在的威胁,或许是一个值得深思的问题。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 The Interrelationships among Energy Policy, Oil and National Security
• 2.1 The Triangular Relationship
• 2.1.1 The Interrelationships between Oil and the National Security of the United States
• 2.1.2 The Interrelationships between Oil and the United States’Energy Policy
• 2.1.3 The Interrelationships between the United States’Energy Policy and the Impact upon Its National Security
• 2.2 The Current Oil Position of the United States
• 2.2.1 Oil Imports of the United States
• 2.2.2 The Strategic Petroleum Reserve （SPR）
• Chapter 3 The Growing Importance of African Oil to the National Security of the United States
• 3.1 The Rise of African Oil
• 3.2 The Reasons Underlying a Growing Importance of African oil to the United States
• 3.2.1 The Growing Dependency of the United States on Oil Imports
• 3.2.2 The Expanding Global Demand for Oil
• 3.2.3 The Advantages of African Oil to the United States
• Chapter 4 American Policy on African Oil
• 4.1 Military Deployment
• 4.2 Diplomatic Efforts
• 4.3 Economic Investment and Trade
• Chapter 5 The Influences of American Policy on African Oil
• 5.1 Influences on the Energy Security of the United States
• 5.2 Influences on War on Terrorism
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography