从文化身份看英汉隐喻

从文化身份看英汉隐喻

论文摘要

本文主要研究隐喻表达与文化认知之间的关系。传统隐喻理论认为,隐喻仅仅是个语言问题,是一种修辞方法。而认知观则认为,隐喻不仅仅是语言问题,而且是人的思维问题。隐喻以经验为基础,而经验的产生依赖于我们同周围物质和文化世界的互动。隐喻和文化密不可分,隐喻构成文化,而隐喻又是在文化环境中形成的。因此,隐喻的表达是基于一定的文化认知,而不同的文化认知又体现在隐喻表达上。本文除了前言和结论之外共有五章:第一章介绍了隐喻研究的相关理论。本章首先回顾了传统隐喻理论,然后详细阐述了认知观的概念隐喻理论,指出隐喻与人的思维紧密联系,为下文的展开做了理论上的铺垫。第二章介绍了隐喻和文化的关系。首先介绍隐喻的文化基础,然后解释隐喻是文化的体现,接着进一步探讨隐喻与文化的关系,即文化因素如何影响概念隐喻的形成,同时隐喻思维如何反映文化因素。第三章分析了英汉语中概念隐喻的普遍性和文化差异性,并且指出了造成这些普遍性和差异性的原因。认为概念隐喻的普遍性在于人类共同的身体体验,而不同的社会文化经验和认知加工过程带来隐喻的多样性。第四章是个案分析。通过分析英汉语中“吃”的隐喻,证实了不同语言中隐喻的表达有相同也有差异,从而揭示隐喻既有普遍性,也有特殊性的本质特点。第五章论述本研究的应用价值,指出了我们可以通过研究隐喻表达来发现文化差异。通过对英汉语中“吃”的隐喻研究,可以发现,中美两国人民有着不同的文化价值观。隐喻和文化是不可分隔的。人类的相同生理结构和共同体验决定了隐喻在不同文化中的共性特点。与此同时,隐喻也具有文化差异性,这取决于不同的地理和文化环境等社会文化因素。因此,研究隐喻和文化的关系不但有利于更好地掌握语言,而且有利于了解不同文化之间的共性与差异,从而更好地把握文化的本质和特点。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Literature Review of Metaphor
  • 1.1 Traditional Views of Metaphor
  • 1.1.1 The Comparison View
  • 1.1.2 The Interaction View
  • 1.1.3. The Pragmatic View
  • 1.1.4 Comments on Traditional Views
  • 1.2 Cognitive Views of Metaphor
  • 1.2.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT)
  • 1.2.2 Blending Theory (BT)
  • Chapter 2 Relationship Between Culture and Conceptual Metaphor
  • 2.1 Metaphor, Concept and Culture
  • 2.1.1 The Relationship between Metaphor and Concept
  • 2.1.2 The Link between Metaphor and Culture
  • 2.1.3 Illustration of Relationship between Metaphor and Culture
  • 2.2 Cultural Models and Metaphorical Conceptualization
  • 2.2.1 Cultural Models
  • 2.2.2 Metaphorical Conceptualization Reflecting Cultural Models of Thinking
  • Chapter 3 The Universality and Cultural Variation in Conceptual Metaphor
  • 3.1 The Universality of Metaphor
  • 3.1.1 The Universality of Metaphor
  • 3.1.2 Reasons Accounting for the Universality
  • 3.2 Cultural Variation in Metaphor
  • 3.2.1 Cultural Variation in Conceptual Metaphor
  • 3.2.2 Reasons Accounting for Cultural Variation
  • Chapter 4 Eating Culture between English and Chinese: A Case Study of Metaphorical Expressions
  • 4.1 The Universality of Eating Culture in Metaphor
  • 4.1.1 Similarities Towards Eating Style
  • 4.1.2 Similarities Towards Taste
  • 4.1.3 Similarities Towards Food
  • 4.2 The Variations of Eating Culture in Metaphor
  • 4.2.1 Differences Towards Eating Style
  • 4.2.2 Differences Towards Taste
  • 4.2.3 Differences Towards Food
  • Chapter 5 The Application of the Study in Understanding the Cultural Differences
  • 5.1 The Importance of Eating Metaphors in Chinese Culture
  • 5.2 The Dominant Metaphors in American culture
  • 5.3 What Metaphor Tells Us about Cultural Differences
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
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    从文化身份看英汉隐喻
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