夫妻冲突话语的会话结构研究 ——以《绝望的主妇》的电视剧本为例

论文摘要

会话结构分析作为会话分析的一大重心,已成功地运用于对不同会话语篇类型包括电话会话,课堂会话,医患会话,求职面试会话,等会话的会话结构研究。其中以Sinclair和Coulthard在课堂会话基础上提出的三话步交换结构理论以及Sacks,Schegloff和Jefferson在对电话会话进行大量观测之后总结出的话轮替换结构理论最广为接受并成为研究各类会话语篇的基础。鉴于此,本文拟以Sinclair和Coulthard的交换结构理论以及Sacks,Schegloff和Jefferson的话轮替换结构理论为依据,以美剧《绝望的主妇》为语料来源,选取剧中夫妻间冲突话语167例作为研究对象,旨在探讨夫妻冲突话语的交换结构及话轮替换结构是如何构建的。通过对语料《绝望的主妇》中167例冲突话语的仔细分析,本研究发现:1)夫妻冲突话语的交换结构主要由两种话步构建而成:起始话步和挑战话步。组成起始话步的起始话目可分成四大类,包括告知,询问,请求,指令;挑战话目也分成相应的四大类,包括消极应答,挑战性回答,不应请求和不应指令。起始话步在构建夫妻冲突话语的交换结构中起到引发会话的作用,而挑战话步的作用是构建交换结构的第二话步并通过挑战起始话步的语用预设而引发冲突话语;2)就话轮替换结构而言,夫妻冲突话语的话轮替换结构主要由遵循话轮替换规则的提名构建而成。但在冲突话语中,违反轮替换规则的打断在听话者对当前话题不感兴趣或对对方观点持不同意见或是想要避免尴尬话题时成为构建话轮替换结构的主要结构元素。本研究的意义主要体现在以下方面:首先将话语交换结构理论和话轮替换结构理论运用于以前该理论很少涉及的夫妻冲突话语会话结构分析中。其次,通过对语料的分析可以帮助人们更好认识夫妻冲突话语的会话结构模式。再次,本文尝试在前研究者的框架下进一步细分并概括出以话目模式标示的交换结构模式。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Previous Studies on Conversational Structure and Conflict Talk
• 1.2 Achievements and Limitations of the Previous Studies
• 1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Study
• 1.4 Data Collection and Processing
• 1.5 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Theories on Conversational Structure Analysis
• 2.1 Conversation and Conflict Talk （CT）
• 2.2 Exchange Structure of Conversation
• 2.2.1 Move Patterns in an Exchange Structure
• 2.2.2 Act Patterns Based on Classification of Discourse Acts
• 2.3 Turn-taking Structure of Conversation
• 2.3.1 Rules of Turn-taking: Obeying and Violating
• 2.3.2 Turn-taking Patterns: Turn-yielding and Turn-claiming
• Chapter 3 Exchange Structure of CT between the Couple in Desperate Housewives
• 3.1 Distribution of Exchange Structure in the Conflict Talk
• 3.1.1 Conflict Talk in terms of Move Patterns
• 3.1.2 Conflict Talk in terms of Act Patterns
• 3.2 Move Patterns in the Conflict Talk
• 3.2.1 Initiation Move
• 3.2.2 Responding Move
• 3.2.3 Challenging Move
• 3.2.4 Follow-up Move
• 3.3 Act Patterns in the Conflict Talk
• 3.3.1 Informative—Negative Expression
• 3.3.2 Elicitation—Challenging Answer
• 3.3.3 Requestives—Non-compliance
• 3.3.4 Directives—Non-compliance
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4 Turn-taking Structure of CT between the Couple in Desperate Housewives
• 4.1 Distribution of Turn-taking Structure in the Conflict Talk
• 4.1.1 Conflict Talk in terms of Turn-yielding Patterns
• 4.1.2 Conflict Talk in terms of Turn-claiming Patterns
• 4.2 Turn-yielding Patterns in the Conflict Talk by Obeying Turn-taking Rules
• 4.2.1 Nomination
• 4.2.2 Complete Self-selection
• 4.2.3 Self-selection
• 4.3 Turn-claiming Patterns in the Conflict Talk by Violating Turn-taking Rules
• 4.3.1 Interruption
• 4.3.2 Overlap
• 4.3.3 Insertion
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings and Limitations
• 5.2 Suggestions for Further Studies
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Appendix 1 Examples used in this Thesis
• Appendix 2 Transcribing Symbols
• Appendix 3 List of Tables
• Article Published