《疯狂主妇》中夫妻间冲突话语的语用分析

论文摘要

冲突话语是个很笼统的概念,狭义上可指一种言语行为,如:不赞同（disagreeing）,反对（opposing）和争执（arguing）,广义上可指一种言语事件,如:冲突性话语（adversative episode）,争执性话语（oppositional argument）,争吵（quarrel）和反驳（disputing）等。无论采取何种概念,冲突都有一个共同的特征,即:一方话语与另一方话语发生冲突,这种冲突表现为交际的一方反对另一方的立场或对方的观点,继而产生话语冲突。研究者对冲突话语做了大量和广泛的调查,主要是在人类学,社会学,心理学,语言学等领域,但是从语用学角度考察冲突话语的文章很少,从语用学角度考察夫妻间冲突话语的文章就更少。针对夫妻冲突话语研究的不足,本文采用定量和定性的方法,对夫妻冲突话语进行分析,主要探讨夫妻间冲突话语涉及的语用策略及其功能。本文的中心论述分为两大部分。第一部分为论文的前两章,主要探讨夫妻冲突话语言语行为的理论框架。第一章首先讨论冲突话语言语行为的定义,进而回顾并评论冲突话语和夫妻间冲突话语的研究成果。第二章阐释了全文的理论基础,包括言语行为理论,会话分析和礼貌理论,并在此基础上搭建了研究的理论框架。第二部分包括论文的后三章,具体展开对英文电视剧中夫妻冲突话语的分析。第三章描述了研究方法和语料的收集。本文选取了美国电视剧《疯狂主妇》作为语料来源,从中收集并建立了包括152个夫妻冲突话语言语行为在内的语料库。第四章对所收集的语料进行定量和定性分析,界定了冲突话语中夫妻采取的语用策略,并计算了各种语用策略出现的频率。第五章提出数据分析的结果。夫妻在冲突话语中都使用了相似的冲突策略和结束策略,但在特定策略的使用频率上有所不同。在冲突中夫妻大量采用的反申明式（counterclaim）极易使冲突升级;在结束冲突时,妻子使用不威胁双方面子的策略,如退出（withdrawal）和转换话题（focus-shifting）的频率比丈夫高。夫妻话语冲突的相同点和不同点本文将从性别差异的角度进行阐释。本文首次从语用学的角度对夫妻冲突话语进行定量和定性分析,在一定程度上补充和丰富了现存的言语行为研究。当然,夫妻冲突话语的发生涉及多方面因素,还需要更多和进一步的探讨。

论文目录

• Synopsis
• 摘要
• Introduction
• 1. The Rationale of the Study
• 2. The Objectives of the Study
• 3. The Methodology of the Study
• 4. Outline of the Thesis
• Chapter One Literature Review
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 The Definition of Conflict Talk
• 1.3 The Relevant Literature Review
• 1.3.1 The Study of Conflict Talk
• 1.3.2 The Study of Conflict Talk between Couples
• 1.4 Summary
• Chapter Two Theoretical Framework of the Study
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Speech Act Theory
• 2.2.1 Austin's Contributions to Speech Act Theory
• 2.2.2 Searle's Development on Speech Act Theory
• 2.3 Conversation Analysis
• 2.4 Politeness Theory
• 2.5 The Framework of the Present Study
• 2.5.1 Conflict Talk as a Speech Act
• 2.5.2 Integration of Conversation Analysis and Politeness Theory
• 2.6 Summary
• Chapter Three Research Methodology and Data Collection
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The Methodology in the Present Study
• 3.3 Description of Data
• 3.3.1 Desperate Housewives
• 3.3.2 Corpus Built
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four The Analysis of Conflict Talk between Couples
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Strategies Used by the Couples in the Conflict Talk
• 4.2.1 Strategies Used by the Couples in Turn 2 and Tum 3 in the Conflict Talk
• 4.2.2 Gender Differences in the Use of strategies in the Conflict Talk
• 4.3 Summary
• Chapter Five Results and Discussion
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Results of the Data Analysis
• 5.2.1 Characteristics of the Strategies Used by the Couples in the Conflict Talk
• 5.2.2 Similarities and Differences in the Use of the Strategies
• 5.3 Discussion on the Results
• 5.3.1 Politeness in Conflict Talk between Couples
• 5.3.2 Changes in Social Status
• 5.3.3 Differences in Practicing Solidarity
• 5.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• 1. Summary of Findings
• 2. Implications of the Research
• 3. Limitations of the Study
• 4. Suggestions for Further Research
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements