从“目的论”角度浅析戏剧翻译 ——以王尔德《不可儿戏》三译本为例

从“目的论”角度浅析戏剧翻译 ——以王尔德《不可儿戏》三译本为例

论文摘要

戏剧是一门古老的舞台艺术,也是一门内涵丰富的综合性艺术。它运用文学、表演、音乐、美术等艺术手段来塑造人物,反映社会生活。剧本是一种独特的文学体裁,融合了小说、诗歌、散文、评论等文体特点,它具有独特的二重性特征:不仅是舞台演出的蓝本,也可以作为文学作品来欣赏,即可表演性和可读性。所以戏剧的翻译标准也就不同于小说、诗歌等其它文学体裁的翻译标准,要根据剧本的使用目的决定翻译策略。在文学翻译领域内,小说、诗歌、散文的翻译都得到了广泛的关注,相关的译作、评论及研究层出不穷,而有关戏剧翻译的研究则相当有限。苏珊·巴斯耐特(Susan Bassnett)是涉及戏剧翻译理论研究较早的一位翻译理论家。在中国莎士比亚的经典剧作是研究最广泛最深入的剧作。而对于唯美主义作家奥斯卡·王尔德的广受欢迎的几部剧作却鲜有问津。尤其是The Importance of Being Earnest,当时在19世纪的英国就已大获成功,它的三个译本,唯有余光中的译作《不可儿戏》搬上了戏剧舞台,并获得了巨大的成功。那么译者成功的原因,所采用的戏剧翻译标准和原则就十分值得探讨和借鉴。德国功能派翻译理论是以目的法则为主导的翻译标准多元化的理论体系,以目的语文本及目的语文化为导向,强调以译文预期功能为目的,大胆地摆脱等效论的束缚,从而为世界翻译理论界包括中国译学界开辟了一条崭新的道路(仲伟合,1999:49)本文以德国功能目的论为翻译理论框架,分别对三位译者(钱之德,余光中和张南峰)的译文进行对比分析,并总结三位译者所采纳的截然不同的三种翻译策略。钱之德出于兴趣爱好,主要采取了直译的翻译策略,余光中则多采用意译的翻译策略,更符合可表演性和以观众为导向的特点,并且最终成功地搬上戏剧舞台,而张南峰在很多地方则采取了完全意译的翻译策略,使得原语文化未得到较多保存。最后作者通过分析译例,论证出功能目的论对戏剧翻译的适用性,归纳出以功能目的论为翻译指导原则的戏剧翻译策略和途径。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Introduction
  • Chapter One General Description of Drama
  • 1.1 The History of Drama
  • 1.1.1 Western Drama
  • 1.1.2 Chinese Drama
  • 1.2 Drama, a Comprehensive Form of Art
  • 1.2.1 The Features of Drama
  • 1.2.2 The Elements of Drama
  • 1.3 The Characteristics of Drama Language
  • Chapter Two General Introduction to Drama Translation
  • 2.1 Drama Translation in the West
  • 2.1.1 Definition of Drama Translation
  • 2.1.2 Different schools on Drama translation
  • 2.2 Drama Translation in China
  • Chapter Three Skopos Theory and its Relation to Drama Translation
  • 3.1 Historical Overview
  • 3.1.1 Katharina Reiss and the Equivalence-based Functional Category
  • 3.1.2 Hans Vermeer and the Skopostheorie
  • 3.1.3 Justa Holz-Manttari and the Theory of Translational Action
  • 3.1.4 Christiane Nord and the Functionalist Translation Theory
  • 3.2 Details of Skopostheorie
  • 3.3 Relation to Drama Translation
  • 3.3.1 Performability or Readability
  • 3.3.2 Emphasis on Audience
  • 3.3.3 The Translation Initiator
  • Chapter Four A Case Study of The Importance of Being Earnest
  • 4.1 General Introduction to the Writer, the Play and Three Translators
  • 4.1.1 General Introduction to the Writer
  • 4.1.2 General Introduction to the Plot and Characteristics of the Play
  • 4.1.3 General Introduction to the Three Translators
  • 4.2 A Comparative Case Study of the Three Translation Versions
  • 4.2.1 Rule 1 --- Skopos Rule
  • 4.2.2 Rule 2 --- Coherence Rule
  • 4.2.3 Rule 3 --- Fidelity Rule
  • 4.2.4 Translation of the Cultural Specific Words
  • 4.3 Comments on the Drama Translation Strategies Adopted by Three Translators
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
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    从“目的论”角度浅析戏剧翻译 ——以王尔德《不可儿戏》三译本为例
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