论文摘要
超级电容器因具有比功率高、比电容高、循环性能好、成本低、“绿色”环保等众多优点而广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、电子计算机等领域。目前,导电聚合物以其快速高效充放电、温度宽、环境友好、成本低的特性,成为一种很有前途的超级电容器电极材料。其中聚3, 4-乙撑二氧噻吩(简称为PEDOT)尤其备受关注,但是PEDOT因其理论比容量低等缺点而被限制发展。因此本文主要研究PEDOT的复合材料来克服其不足,具体内容如下:(1)以碳纳米管(CNTs)为基体,制备不同CNTs质量百分比的PEDOT/CNTs纳米复合物,并探讨其电化学性能。考虑到CNTs分散性和相容性不良,因此对CNTs进行聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PSS)的修饰,并水热法成功制备出核-壳型PEDOT/PSS-CNTs复合材料,其比电容达198.2 F·g-1,循环2000圈以后比电容衰减26.9%。同时,研究以该复合材料为电极组装成对称电容器来研究其电化学电容行为。(2)由于金属氧化物的能量密度一般都比较高,因此本文采用微波法和界面聚合法分别制备PEDOT/RuO2·xH2O和PEDOT/MnO2纳米复合物。并证明PEDOT/RuO2·xH2O复合物在150 oC热处理后有良好的电化学可逆性和电容特性,而且在0.15 A g-1电流密度下比电容达到153.3 F g-1,当升高到0.8 A g-1时,比容量衰减量大约为17%。另外,制备的PEDOT/MnO2的纳米复合物证明是一种具有多孔孔道结构的无定型材料,当在-0.20.8 V (vs. SCE)范围内,电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时,单电极比容量达到196.3 F·g-1,500次循环后仍保持有90%的比容量。(3)本文制备了PEDOT/PANI纳米复合物,并和活性碳组成混合电容器。该混合电容器在1.0 V的电位窗口下,以0.5 M H2SO4为电解质,当电流密度为1/2 A g-1时,比容量达30.7 F g-1,功率密度达到324.9 W kg-1。为了进一步提高该混合电容器的性能,我们考虑将含有+1价态的无机金属盐与H2SO4溶液组成混合电解液体系,电化学测试表明在0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.2 M K2SO4混合体系下,混合电容器的比电容,能量密度和功率密度具有明显的提高。
论文目录
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