语言迁移与大学英语教学

论文摘要

语言迁移理论历经了一个多世纪的研究已经充分地向我们证明了迁移的存在。本文针对二语习得的一个重要课题—语言迁移进行了相关的实证研究,为从事二语教学的教师提供了教学实践的具体实例,目的在于在教学中引起教师的足够重视。由于笔者本身既是二语学习者同时也是二语教学者,常常被学生在二语生成中屡次出现的错误和共性的错误感到费解。因此对学生语音录音资料和二语输出以作文为例体现的词汇和语法错误进行研究。试图证明两种假设:1.语言迁移现象出现在语音、词汇和句法这三个构成语句基本框架的层面上,并且语言迁移是二语生成中错误的主要来源之一。2.为了避免出现错误,学生多借助回避策略,比如定语从句的使用。在调查中,使用了COOLEDIT软件收集100人的语音记录,抽样了40份二语写作实践进行了详细研究。证明了上述的假设,语言迁移存在于语音、词汇和句法这三个主要的方面,通过SPSS(社会统计学软件包)和Excel对数据进行分析,发现学生二语生成错误中由于语言迁移干扰产生的错误(181)与错误总量(333)成正相关,相关值为.808~*,可见语言迁移是二语生成中错误产生的主要来源之一。在抽样的40份作文中,我们发现了17个定语从句,其中有28份作文没有使用定语从句,占70%。因此证明了回避策略的使用。进行了相关的调查研究之后,最重要的是选取出针对母语负迁移现象采取的避免策略,笔者认为策略的实用性、可操作性以及针对性更为重要。比如对比策略,错误分析策略仍然是解决迁移现象的首要策略。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• Chapter Two Theories and Development of Language Transfer
• 2.1 The Definition of Language Transfer
• 2.2 The Manifestations of Language Transfer
• 2.2.1 Positive Transfer and Negative Transfer
• 2.2.2 Interlingual Transfer and Intralingual Transfer
• 2.2.3 Communication Transfer and Learning Transfer
• 2.3 The Historical Development of Language Transfer Theories
• 2.3.1 Behaviorist View and Contrastive Analysis
• 2.3.2 Error Analysis Hypothesis
• 2.3.3 The Interlanguage Theories
• Chapter There Data Collection and Analysis
• 3.1 Data Collection
• 3.1.1 Subject
• 3.1.2 Methods of Collecting Data
• 3.2 Data Analysis
• 3.2.1 The Analysis Methods
• 3.2.2 Assumptions
• 3.2.3 Procedures and Data Analysis
• 3.2.4 Results
• Chapter Four Categories of Negative Transfer and Interference of Chinese in Second Language Acquisition
• 4.1 Phonetic Transfer
• 4.1.1 Pronunciation
• 4.1.2 Stress
• 4.1.3 Intonation
• 4.2 Lexical Transfer
• 4.2.1 Article
• 4.2.2 Noun and Number
• 4.2.3 Collocation
• 4.2.4 Derivation
• 4.2.5 Redundance
• 4.3 Syntactic Transfer
• 4.3.1 Passive Voice
• 4.3.2 Relative Clause
• 4.3.3 Tense and Aspect
• 4.3.4 Case
• 4.3.5 Subject-prominent Language and Topic-prominent Language
• 4.3.6 Word Order
• 4.3.7 Concord
• Chapter Five Attitudes and Strategies of Avoiding Negative Transfer
• 5.1 Attitudes to Errors
• 5.1.1 The Distinction between Error and Mistake
• 5.1.2 The Attitudes towards Errors Changed with Time
• 5.2 Strategies of Avoiding Negative Language Transfer
• 5.2.1 Contrastive Strategy
• 5.2.1.1 The Premise of the Formation of Contrastive Strategy
• 5.2.1.2 Introducing Target Language Culture to Teaching
• 5.2.1.3 The Equal Attention to the Differences and Similarities
• 5.2.1.4 A Constant Developing Strategy
• 5.2.2 Error Analysis Strategy
• 5.2.2.1 The Awareness of Correcting Errors
• 5.2.2.2 The Positive Attitude towards Errors
• 5.2.2.3 The Sources of an Error are not Always Unitary
• 5.2.2.4 Avoiding Using Avoidance Strategy
• 5.2.3 Large Quantity of Inputting of Target Language
• 5.2.4 Translation Strategy
• 5.2.5 Thinking in Target Language
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix Ⅰ Five Samples of Compositions
• Appendix Ⅱ Interference Errors Examples in 40 Compositions
• Acknowledgements