本文主要研究内容
作者常璐璐（2019）在《基于印楝种仁的木材防腐微胶囊制备及其抑菌研究》一文中研究指出：木材作为一种重要的有机材料,每年由于腐朽和霉变导致木材产品质量受到严重影响。研究表明,每年有约占木材生产量15%的木材因腐朽而损失掉,造成巨大的资源浪费。传统防腐剂因其毒性大、污染环境引起国内外学者的关注,为此开发新型植物源防腐剂逐渐成为研究热点。植物源防腐剂具有高效、人畜无害,且不易产生抗药性等优点,但同时不稳定、易挥发等缺点又限制了其大规模的应用。开发出新型植物源木材防腐剂可以扩大木材的使用范围和使用寿命,这一研究具有重要的意义和价值。印楝(Azadirachta IndicaA楝Juss.)种仁富含丰富的抑菌物质,因此其具有成为新型木材防腐剂的潜力。本论文运用三种溶剂对印楝种仁进行提取,优选出乙醇为最理想的提取溶剂,并对3种印楝提取物的活性成分进行测定,探索出抑菌效果差异的原因。之后优化了印楝种仁的提取工艺,并将印楝种仁提取物微胶囊化,制备出热稳定性优良的植物源防腐剂。对印楝提取物及其微胶囊的抑菌机理、固着机理及耐腐机理进行深入研究,为新型植物源防腐剂的开发提供参考。主要研究内容及结果如下:(1)评价印楝种仁提取物对五种木材真菌抑菌效果及成分分析。印楝种仁提取物以甲醇、正己烷及乙醇为提取溶剂,采用水浴搅拌法提取印楝种仁活性成分,并对提取物进行抑菌效果测定,结果表明三种提取物对五种木材真菌均有明显的抑制作用。综合成本及安全性,以乙醇提取物作为提取溶剂最为合理。采用GC/MS对甲醇、正己烷及50%乙醇提取物进行成分分析,分别鉴定出21、11和17种化合物,包括多种硫化物,角鲨烯等有杀虫和抑菌效果的活性物质,其中虾青素和南美蟾毒精为首次从印楝种仁中分离得到。(2)优化印楝种仁提取率并对提取物抑菌机理进行研究。采用响应面法优化印楝种仁提取工艺参数,最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度45%,液料比10:1(mL·g-1),温度45℃,提取得率为14.98%。利用含药培养基法对最低抑菌浓度提取物生长效果进行测定,并采用光学显微镜(OM)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对抑菌机理进行初探,发现提取物对五种真菌的形貌均产生了显著的影响,表现为菌丝扭曲变形、断裂,细胞内溶物流出,霉菌孢子明显减少等。(3)制备印楝种仁提取物微胶囊并对其性质进行表征。将印楝种仁提取物微胶囊化,对制备过程中涉及的壁材种类、乳化剂种类和用量、酸化剂种类等因素进行优化,结果表明,制备最佳条件为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为壁材,1%SDS为乳化剂,10%NH4C1为酸化剂。探究乳化转速及固化时间与粒径分布规律的关系,分析得出乳化速度对微胶囊壁厚影响不大,但2000r/min内,乳化速度越快,微胶囊粒径越小。固化时间对微胶囊粒径影响很小,但固化时间越长,微胶囊壁厚越厚。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析出印楝提取物和壁材之间无化学反应发生,仅仅是简单的物理混合。通过TG/DTG曲线可以发现,三种试剂的热稳定性依次为:壁材(AMS)>印楝提取物微胶囊(MNE)>印楝提取物(NE)。将提取物微胶囊化能很好地解决印楝提取物不稳定、易挥发的问题。(4)研究微胶囊在木材中分布规律及其处理材抗菌性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微胶囊的分布规律进行研究,可以看出,微胶囊主要分布于木材导管,纹孔有少量附着,木射线中无胶囊。通过室内试验对印楝提取物微胶囊(MNE)处理材进行防霉、防腐性能测定,结果发现,MNE处理材对三种霉菌(黑曲霉、绿色木霉和桔青霉)均有明显的抑制作用,且均能达到5级防霉效果。印楝提取物物(NE)处理材防霉效果次之,微胶囊壁材(AMS)处理材对三种霉菌均无明显抑制作用。室内耐腐试验结果表明,对于褐腐处理,MNE处理材具有明显的耐腐效果,杨木失重率较素材降低31.7%,而NE处理材防腐效果略差,失重率较素材降低25.3%。相比素材白腐12周的失重率,MNE和NE处理材分别降低了 13.7%和8.4%。AMS处理材对两种腐朽菌均无抗性,微胶囊处理材抑菌作用主要来源于印楝种仁提取物。(5)探究微胶囊固着机理及其处理材耐腐机理。将处理材进行为期3个月的室内耐腐试验,结果发现,经褐腐(密粘褶菌)及白腐(彩绒革盖菌)处理后的菌丝能穿过杨木纹孔,并在木材导管中大量扩散。NE、MNE处理材内部菌丝明显多于AMS处理材及素材,且菌丝变粗,表面不光滑,出现断裂,生长受到明显的抑制。通过FTIR、XRD等表征手段,发现褐腐菌对纤维素和半纤维素降解能力较强,白腐菌对木质素降解作用更强。MNE处理材对白腐菌和褐腐菌均有抑制效果。
Abstract
mu cai zuo wei yi chong chong yao de you ji cai liao ,mei nian you yu fu xiu he mei bian dao zhi mu cai chan pin zhi liang shou dao yan chong ying xiang 。yan jiu biao ming ,mei nian you yao zhan mu cai sheng chan liang 15%de mu cai yin fu xiu er sun shi diao ,zao cheng ju da de zi yuan lang fei 。chuan tong fang fu ji yin ji du xing da 、wu ran huan jing yin qi guo nei wai xue zhe de guan zhu ,wei ci kai fa xin xing zhi wu yuan fang fu ji zhu jian cheng wei yan jiu re dian 。zhi wu yuan fang fu ji ju you gao xiao 、ren chu mo hai ,ju bu yi chan sheng kang yao xing deng you dian ,dan tong shi bu wen ding 、yi hui fa deng que dian you xian zhi le ji da gui mo de ying yong 。kai fa chu xin xing zhi wu yuan mu cai fang fu ji ke yi kuo da mu cai de shi yong fan wei he shi yong shou ming ,zhe yi yan jiu ju you chong yao de yi yi he jia zhi 。yin lian (Azadirachta IndicaAlian Juss.)chong ren fu han feng fu de yi jun wu zhi ,yin ci ji ju you cheng wei xin xing mu cai fang fu ji de qian li 。ben lun wen yun yong san chong rong ji dui yin lian chong ren jin hang di qu ,you shua chu yi chun wei zui li xiang de di qu rong ji ,bing dui 3chong yin lian di qu wu de huo xing cheng fen jin hang ce ding ,tan suo chu yi jun xiao guo cha yi de yuan yin 。zhi hou you hua le yin lian chong ren de di qu gong yi ,bing jiang yin lian chong ren di qu wu wei jiao nang hua ,zhi bei chu re wen ding xing you liang de zhi wu yuan fang fu ji 。dui yin lian di qu wu ji ji wei jiao nang de yi jun ji li 、gu zhao ji li ji nai fu ji li jin hang shen ru yan jiu ,wei xin xing zhi wu yuan fang fu ji de kai fa di gong can kao 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong ji jie guo ru xia :(1)ping jia yin lian chong ren di qu wu dui wu chong mu cai zhen jun yi jun xiao guo ji cheng fen fen xi 。yin lian chong ren di qu wu yi jia chun 、zheng ji wan ji yi chun wei di qu rong ji ,cai yong shui yu jiao ban fa di qu yin lian chong ren huo xing cheng fen ,bing dui di qu wu jin hang yi jun xiao guo ce ding ,jie guo biao ming san chong di qu wu dui wu chong mu cai zhen jun jun you ming xian de yi zhi zuo yong 。zeng ge cheng ben ji an quan xing ,yi yi chun di qu wu zuo wei di qu rong ji zui wei ge li 。cai yong GC/MSdui jia chun 、zheng ji wan ji 50%yi chun di qu wu jin hang cheng fen fen xi ,fen bie jian ding chu 21、11he 17chong hua ge wu ,bao gua duo chong liu hua wu ,jiao sha xi deng you sha chong he yi jun xiao guo de huo xing wu zhi ,ji zhong ha qing su he na mei chan du jing wei shou ci cong yin lian chong ren zhong fen li de dao 。(2)you hua yin lian chong ren di qu lv bing dui di qu wu yi jun ji li jin hang yan jiu 。cai yong xiang ying mian fa you hua yin lian chong ren di qu gong yi can shu ,zui jia di qu tiao jian wei yi chun nong du 45%,ye liao bi 10:1(mL·g-1),wen du 45℃,di qu de lv wei 14.98%。li yong han yao pei yang ji fa dui zui di yi jun nong du di qu wu sheng chang xiao guo jin hang ce ding ,bing cai yong guang xue xian wei jing (OM)ji sao miao dian zi xian wei jing (SEM)dui yi jun ji li jin hang chu tan ,fa xian di qu wu dui wu chong zhen jun de xing mao jun chan sheng le xian zhe de ying xiang ,biao xian wei jun si niu qu bian xing 、duan lie ,xi bao nei rong wu liu chu ,mei jun bao zi ming xian jian shao deng 。(3)zhi bei yin lian chong ren di qu wu wei jiao nang bing dui ji xing zhi jin hang biao zheng 。jiang yin lian chong ren di qu wu wei jiao nang hua ,dui zhi bei guo cheng zhong she ji de bi cai chong lei 、ru hua ji chong lei he yong liang 、suan hua ji chong lei deng yin su jin hang you hua ,jie guo biao ming ,zhi bei zui jia tiao jian wei san ju qing an jia quan shu zhi wei bi cai ,1%SDSwei ru hua ji ,10%NH4C1wei suan hua ji 。tan jiu ru hua zhuai su ji gu hua shi jian yu li jing fen bu gui lv de guan ji ,fen xi de chu ru hua su du dui wei jiao nang bi hou ying xiang bu da ,dan 2000r/minnei ,ru hua su du yue kuai ,wei jiao nang li jing yue xiao 。gu hua shi jian dui wei jiao nang li jing ying xiang hen xiao ,dan gu hua shi jian yue chang ,wei jiao nang bi hou yue hou 。tong guo fu li xie bian huan gong wai guang pu yi (FTIR)fen xi chu yin lian di qu wu he bi cai zhi jian mo hua xue fan ying fa sheng ,jin jin shi jian chan de wu li hun ge 。tong guo TG/DTGqu xian ke yi fa xian ,san chong shi ji de re wen ding xing yi ci wei :bi cai (AMS)>yin lian di qu wu wei jiao nang (MNE)>yin lian di qu wu (NE)。jiang di qu wu wei jiao nang hua neng hen hao de jie jue yin lian di qu wu bu wen ding 、yi hui fa de wen ti 。(4)yan jiu wei jiao nang zai mu cai zhong fen bu gui lv ji ji chu li cai kang jun xing 。cai yong sao miao dian zi xian wei jing (SEM)dui wei jiao nang de fen bu gui lv jin hang yan jiu ,ke yi kan chu ,wei jiao nang zhu yao fen bu yu mu cai dao guan ,wen kong you shao liang fu zhao ,mu she xian zhong mo jiao nang 。tong guo shi nei shi yan dui yin lian di qu wu wei jiao nang (MNE)chu li cai jin hang fang mei 、fang fu xing neng ce ding ,jie guo fa xian ,MNEchu li cai dui san chong mei jun (hei qu mei 、lu se mu mei he jie qing mei )jun you ming xian de yi zhi zuo yong ,ju jun neng da dao 5ji fang mei xiao guo 。yin lian di qu wu wu (NE)chu li cai fang mei xiao guo ci zhi ,wei jiao nang bi cai (AMS)chu li cai dui san chong mei jun jun mo ming xian yi zhi zuo yong 。shi nei nai fu shi yan jie guo biao ming ,dui yu he fu chu li ,MNEchu li cai ju you ming xian de nai fu xiao guo ,yang mu shi chong lv jiao su cai jiang di 31.7%,er NEchu li cai fang fu xiao guo lve cha ,shi chong lv jiao su cai jiang di 25.3%。xiang bi su cai bai fu 12zhou de shi chong lv ,MNEhe NEchu li cai fen bie jiang di le 13.7%he 8.4%。AMSchu li cai dui liang chong fu xiu jun jun mo kang xing ,wei jiao nang chu li cai yi jun zuo yong zhu yao lai yuan yu yin lian chong ren di qu wu 。(5)tan jiu wei jiao nang gu zhao ji li ji ji chu li cai nai fu ji li 。jiang chu li cai jin hang wei ji 3ge yue de shi nei nai fu shi yan ,jie guo fa xian ,jing he fu (mi nian zhe jun )ji bai fu (cai rong ge gai jun )chu li hou de jun si neng chuan guo yang mu wen kong ,bing zai mu cai dao guan zhong da liang kuo san 。NE、MNEchu li cai nei bu jun si ming xian duo yu AMSchu li cai ji su cai ,ju jun si bian cu ,biao mian bu guang hua ,chu xian duan lie ,sheng chang shou dao ming xian de yi zhi 。tong guo FTIR、XRDdeng biao zheng shou duan ,fa xian he fu jun dui qian wei su he ban qian wei su jiang jie neng li jiao jiang ,bai fu jun dui mu zhi su jiang jie zuo yong geng jiang 。MNEchu li cai dui bai fu jun he he fu jun jun you yi zhi xiao guo 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自东北林业大学的常璐璐，发表于刊物东北林业大学2019-11-18论文，是一篇关于印楝论文,提取物论文,微胶囊论文,木材防腐剂论文,抑菌论文,东北林业大学2019-11-18论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自东北林业大学2019-11-18论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。