英语幽默效果的实现和传达 ——《老友记》中幽默对话的分析

论文摘要

幽默,作为快乐的源泉之一,存在于生活的方方面面。它不仅给人们带来了笑声,也给人们带来了健康和对生活的满足感。幽默源自于生活,与人们的生活密接相关,也在很大程度上改善了人们的生活。能带来幽默的笑料有很多种,但最常用的还是幽默语言,因为任何人可以在任何时间任何地点使用它。因此,本文以幽默语言作为研究对象。既然幽默是生活中使用的语言,所以本文将从语用学的角度开展对幽默语言的研究。尽管已经有很多人在研究幽默语言,但他们主要关注于对笑话以及幽默的语用特点的研究。而本文主要关注于对于一部著名的情景喜剧——《老友记》中幽默对话的研究。之所以选择这部作品中的幽默对话作为研究对象,是因为《老友记》中的对话相对于笑话中的语言,更加接近于生活中使用的语言,那么对于这些语言的研究将会更加具有现实意义。本文借助于语用学的三大理论,即合作原则,礼貌原则和面子保全理论,通过详细的分析大量选自《老友记》对白中的幽默对话,分析和研究了影响幽默效果产生的因素和实现幽默效果的方法和机制,尤其介绍了在类似《老友记》这类电视剧中常用的实现幽默效果的手段。总之,几乎所有的实现幽默效果的手段都包含一个共同的特点,那就是,幽默通常都是通过打破常规来实现的。另一方面,由于语境对幽默效果的实现和传达具有很大影响,所以人们必须将幽默语言与其语境紧密相联系,才能更好的创造,理解和欣赏幽默。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Research Motivation
• 1.2 Sample Source
• 1.3 Thesis Organization
• Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework
• 2.1 Conversational Implicature
• 2.1.1 The Cooperative Principle
• 2.1.2 Violation of the Maxims of the Cooperative Principle
• 2.1.3 Characteristics of Conversational Impicature
• 2.2 Politeness Principle
• 2.2.1 The Maxims of Politeness Principle
• 2.2.2 Violation of the Politeness Principle
• 2.2.3 Cooperative Principle vs. Politeness Principle
• 2.3 Face-saving Theory
• 2.3.1 Face-threatening Acts and Face-saving Acts
• 2.3.2 Positive Face and Negative Face
• Chapter 3 Humorous Language
• 3.1 The Definition of Humor
• 3.2 The Classification of Humor
• 3.2.1 Prank
• 3.2.2 Mocking
• 3.2.3 Comic Materials
• 3.2.4 Wit
• 3.3 The Characteristics of Humorous Language
• 3.3.1 What is Humorous Language?
• 3.3.2 The Characteristics of Humorous Language
• 3.4 The Functions of Humorous Language
• 3.4.1 To Make People Laugh
• 3.4.2 To Set up Good Self Image
• 3.4.3 To Deal with Embarrassing Situation
• 3.4.4 To Establish Good Social Relationship
• 3.4.5 To Satirize Somebody or Something
• 3.4.6 To Conceal One’s Shortcomings and Preserve One’s Own Face
• 3.4.7 To Beat about the Bush
• Chapter 4 The Achievement and Conveyance of Humorous Effect
• 4.1 Humorous Points and Humorous Degree
• 4.1.1 Humorous Points
• 4.1.2 Humorous Degree
• 4.2 The Factors that Influence the Achievement and Conveyance of the Humorous Effect
• 4.2.1 Humorous Subjects
• 4.2.2 Humorous Objects
• 4.2.3 The Humorous Atmosphere
• 4.2.4 Cultural Differences
• 4.3 The Methods of Achieving and Conveying Humorous Effect
• 4.3.1 Phonetic Methods
• 4.3.2 Phonological Methods
• 4.3.3 Semantic Methods
• 4.3.4 Rhetorical Methods
• 4.3.5 Other Methods
• 4.4 Pragmatic Analysis of the Achievement of Humorous Effect
• 4.4.1 Violation of the Cooperative Principle
• 4.4.2 Violation of the Politeness Principle
• 4.4.3 Face-threatening Acts and Face-saving Acts
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary
• 5.2 Major Findings
• 5.3 Limits and Suggestions for Future Research
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Publications