本文主要研究内容
作者董天瑶（2019）在《四种腹毛类纤毛虫射出胞器的形态学研究》一文中研究指出：射出胞器是原生动物细胞皮层中由膜包被的、受到刺激后可射出其内含物的一种细胞器。不同类群纤毛虫原生动物所具有的射出胞器类型常有所不同,且胞器行使的功能也不尽相同。开展射出胞器的形态学研究不仅有助于了解真核生物细胞结构的多样性和复杂性、结构与功能的关系,还可为纤毛虫分类学和系统学提供新的视角。腹毛类纤毛虫是分化程度最为高等的一类原生动物,然而,相较于其极高的物种多样性和类群间的分化水平,我们对其射出胞器基本形态的了解仍然不足,超微结构水平的认知尤为欠缺。本文以四种腹毛类纤毛虫,亚热带巴库虫(Bakuella subtropica)、偏澳洲速体虫(Notohymena apoaustralis)、新巴库虫未定种(Neobakuella sp.)和拉姆虫未定种(Lamtostyla sp.)为实验材料,利用活体观察、扫描和透射电镜术对其射出胞器展开了显微及亚显微水平的形态学研究,同时综合系统学分析探讨了射出胞器类型在腹毛类系统分类学中的意义。结果总结如下。亚热带巴库虫具有黄绿色球形皮层颗粒,直径约0.5μm。该颗粒通常定位于表膜下,为双层膜结构,膜内包裹无亚结构分化的高电子密度的色素物质,刺激后可射出,因而是色素泡型射出胞器。该色素泡在细胞质岛状大囊泡中经历外膜形成和色素物质逐渐填充过程,然后脱离大囊泡并最终定位于表膜下;内质网和线粒体可能参与了色素泡的发育过程。色素物质被射出后,胞器膜未与表膜融合,或落入细胞质中被重新利用。偏澳洲速体虫具有黄绿色球形颗粒,直径约0.5μm。透射电镜下该颗粒为双层膜,膜内为高电子密度色素团,色素团由约60 nm的颗粒构成;电镜制样过程中可射出,因而该颗粒为色素泡型射出胞器。偏澳洲速体虫和亚热带巴库虽同具有色素泡型射出胞器,但二者色素在超微结构上具有差异,可能是色素物质成分不同所致;且二者的色素泡在发生上均起源于不规则囊泡,推测腹毛类中的色素泡可能都是由囊泡发育而来。在速体虫中发现另一射出胞器,仅分布于尾部表膜附近及深层内质,为1-2μm长的纺锤状,双层膜内包裹电子密度较高且分布不均的颗粒状物质。该胞器射出态与静息时基本相同,且射出时连同外膜一起发射至胞外。该胞器仅在细胞尾部的分布方式及其射出方式在已知的其它纤毛虫射出胞器类型中均未发现,因而代表了一种独特的新类型,因其与黏液泡有结构相似之处,暂将其命名为类黏液泡。新巴库虫具有黄绿色椭球形皮层颗粒,长约0.6μm,宽约0.3μm。位于表膜附近,双层膜结构,根据膜内物质电子密度的不同,可划分为前、后两部分;可射出黏液状物质。因内含物的结构分化,该颗粒不同于典型的色素泡而类似黏液泡,或属于二者的居间类型,但因具有色素,遂将其命名为类色素泡。这同时也说明相同颜色、但形状不同的皮层颗粒很可能是不同胞器,提示应提高皮层颗粒形状在分类时的权重。拉姆虫的球形或椭球形无色皮层颗粒,仅在棘毛、背触毛处呈花环状排列。这些颗粒为单层膜,膜内为电子密度高且致密的晶状物。该颗粒与跟拉姆虫亲缘关系较远的游仆类的安瓿体在形态及分布上较相似,暂名安瓿体,但暂未发现其射出现象。基于本文四种纤毛虫和相关腹毛类的SSU rRNA基因序列构建的系统树发现,新伪尾柱虫、冠突伪尾柱虫及念珠异列虫聚为一枝或这可由其共有类刺丝泡得到解释;Anteholosticha antecirrata、新巴库虫未定种、颗粒巴库虫、大尾柱虫的分枝则可能因其共有椭球形黄绿色皮层颗粒—即类色素泡;尖毛虫科除了棘尾亚科的成员可分为色素泡类枝和两个非色素泡枝。这说明射出胞器类型与分子系统发育关系能够较好地吻合,可为解决腹毛类的系统学问题提供线索。综上,本研究首次揭示了4种纤毛虫皮层颗粒的超微结构、证实了其中3种纤毛虫的皮层颗粒为射出胞器,并首次发现同一种腹毛类纤毛虫可兼具2种射出胞器。揭示了新巴库虫类色素泡兼具典型色素泡和黏液泡特点,而偏澳洲速体虫类黏液泡在分布和发射过程上均不同于其它类型,这表明了高等腹毛类不同类群在细胞器分化上的高度多样化性和复杂性。进一步探究显示,亚热带巴库虫色素泡、新巴库虫类色素泡及偏澳洲速体虫类黏液泡在定位于表膜前,均经历相似于低等类群射出胞器的细胞质囊泡内发育、运输、脱离囊泡的过程,这可能是纤毛虫不同类型射出胞器的共性。另外,总结了已有腹毛类射出胞器类型与与分子系统的关系,为提高射出胞器或皮层颗粒这一经典特征在分类学中的权重提供了细胞器水平的证据支持,也为厘定腹毛类存疑阶元提供了线索。
Abstract
she chu bao qi shi yuan sheng dong wu xi bao pi ceng zhong you mo bao bei de 、shou dao ci ji hou ke she chu ji nei han wu de yi chong xi bao qi 。bu tong lei qun qian mao chong yuan sheng dong wu suo ju you de she chu bao qi lei xing chang you suo bu tong ,ju bao qi hang shi de gong neng ye bu jin xiang tong 。kai zhan she chu bao qi de xing tai xue yan jiu bu jin you zhu yu le jie zhen he sheng wu xi bao jie gou de duo yang xing he fu za xing 、jie gou yu gong neng de guan ji ,hai ke wei qian mao chong fen lei xue he ji tong xue di gong xin de shi jiao 。fu mao lei qian mao chong shi fen hua cheng du zui wei gao deng de yi lei yuan sheng dong wu ,ran er ,xiang jiao yu ji ji gao de wu chong duo yang xing he lei qun jian de fen hua shui ping ,wo men dui ji she chu bao qi ji ben xing tai de le jie reng ran bu zu ,chao wei jie gou shui ping de ren zhi you wei qian que 。ben wen yi si chong fu mao lei qian mao chong ,ya re dai ba ku chong (Bakuella subtropica)、pian ao zhou su ti chong (Notohymena apoaustralis)、xin ba ku chong wei ding chong (Neobakuella sp.)he la mu chong wei ding chong (Lamtostyla sp.)wei shi yan cai liao ,li yong huo ti guan cha 、sao miao he tou she dian jing shu dui ji she chu bao qi zhan kai le xian wei ji ya xian wei shui ping de xing tai xue yan jiu ,tong shi zeng ge ji tong xue fen xi tan tao le she chu bao qi lei xing zai fu mao lei ji tong fen lei xue zhong de yi yi 。jie guo zong jie ru xia 。ya re dai ba ku chong ju you huang lu se qiu xing pi ceng ke li ,zhi jing yao 0.5μm。gai ke li tong chang ding wei yu biao mo xia ,wei shuang ceng mo jie gou ,mo nei bao guo mo ya jie gou fen hua de gao dian zi mi du de se su wu zhi ,ci ji hou ke she chu ,yin er shi se su pao xing she chu bao qi 。gai se su pao zai xi bao zhi dao zhuang da nang pao zhong jing li wai mo xing cheng he se su wu zhi zhu jian tian chong guo cheng ,ran hou tuo li da nang pao bing zui zhong ding wei yu biao mo xia ;nei zhi wang he xian li ti ke neng can yu le se su pao de fa yo guo cheng 。se su wu zhi bei she chu hou ,bao qi mo wei yu biao mo rong ge ,huo la ru xi bao zhi zhong bei chong xin li yong 。pian ao zhou su ti chong ju you huang lu se qiu xing ke li ,zhi jing yao 0.5μm。tou she dian jing xia gai ke li wei shuang ceng mo ,mo nei wei gao dian zi mi du se su tuan ,se su tuan you yao 60 nmde ke li gou cheng ;dian jing zhi yang guo cheng zhong ke she chu ,yin er gai ke li wei se su pao xing she chu bao qi 。pian ao zhou su ti chong he ya re dai ba ku sui tong ju you se su pao xing she chu bao qi ,dan er zhe se su zai chao wei jie gou shang ju you cha yi ,ke neng shi se su wu zhi cheng fen bu tong suo zhi ;ju er zhe de se su pao zai fa sheng shang jun qi yuan yu bu gui ze nang pao ,tui ce fu mao lei zhong de se su pao ke neng dou shi you nang pao fa yo er lai 。zai su ti chong zhong fa xian ling yi she chu bao qi ,jin fen bu yu wei bu biao mo fu jin ji shen ceng nei zhi ,wei 1-2μmchang de fang chui zhuang ,shuang ceng mo nei bao guo dian zi mi du jiao gao ju fen bu bu jun de ke li zhuang wu zhi 。gai bao qi she chu tai yu jing xi shi ji ben xiang tong ,ju she chu shi lian tong wai mo yi qi fa she zhi bao wai 。gai bao qi jin zai xi bao wei bu de fen bu fang shi ji ji she chu fang shi zai yi zhi de ji ta qian mao chong she chu bao qi lei xing zhong jun wei fa xian ,yin er dai biao le yi chong du te de xin lei xing ,yin ji yu nian ye pao you jie gou xiang shi zhi chu ,zan jiang ji ming ming wei lei nian ye pao 。xin ba ku chong ju you huang lu se tuo qiu xing pi ceng ke li ,chang yao 0.6μm,kuan yao 0.3μm。wei yu biao mo fu jin ,shuang ceng mo jie gou ,gen ju mo nei wu zhi dian zi mi du de bu tong ,ke hua fen wei qian 、hou liang bu fen ;ke she chu nian ye zhuang wu zhi 。yin nei han wu de jie gou fen hua ,gai ke li bu tong yu dian xing de se su pao er lei shi nian ye pao ,huo shu yu er zhe de ju jian lei xing ,dan yin ju you se su ,sui jiang ji ming ming wei lei se su pao 。zhe tong shi ye shui ming xiang tong yan se 、dan xing zhuang bu tong de pi ceng ke li hen ke neng shi bu tong bao qi ,di shi ying di gao pi ceng ke li xing zhuang zai fen lei shi de quan chong 。la mu chong de qiu xing huo tuo qiu xing mo se pi ceng ke li ,jin zai ji mao 、bei chu mao chu cheng hua huan zhuang pai lie 。zhe xie ke li wei chan ceng mo ,mo nei wei dian zi mi du gao ju zhi mi de jing zhuang wu 。gai ke li yu gen la mu chong qin yuan guan ji jiao yuan de you pu lei de an bu ti zai xing tai ji fen bu shang jiao xiang shi ,zan ming an bu ti ,dan zan wei fa xian ji she chu xian xiang 。ji yu ben wen si chong qian mao chong he xiang guan fu mao lei de SSU rRNAji yin xu lie gou jian de ji tong shu fa xian ,xin wei wei zhu chong 、guan tu wei wei zhu chong ji nian zhu yi lie chong ju wei yi zhi huo zhe ke you ji gong you lei ci si pao de dao jie shi ;Anteholosticha antecirrata、xin ba ku chong wei ding chong 、ke li ba ku chong 、da wei zhu chong de fen zhi ze ke neng yin ji gong you tuo qiu xing huang lu se pi ceng ke li —ji lei se su pao ;jian mao chong ke chu le ji wei ya ke de cheng yuan ke fen wei se su pao lei zhi he liang ge fei se su pao zhi 。zhe shui ming she chu bao qi lei xing yu fen zi ji tong fa yo guan ji neng gou jiao hao de wen ge ,ke wei jie jue fu mao lei de ji tong xue wen ti di gong xian suo 。zeng shang ,ben yan jiu shou ci jie shi le 4chong qian mao chong pi ceng ke li de chao wei jie gou 、zheng shi le ji zhong 3chong qian mao chong de pi ceng ke li wei she chu bao qi ,bing shou ci fa xian tong yi chong fu mao lei qian mao chong ke jian ju 2chong she chu bao qi 。jie shi le xin ba ku chong lei se su pao jian ju dian xing se su pao he nian ye pao te dian ,er pian ao zhou su ti chong lei nian ye pao zai fen bu he fa she guo cheng shang jun bu tong yu ji ta lei xing ,zhe biao ming le gao deng fu mao lei bu tong lei qun zai xi bao qi fen hua shang de gao du duo yang hua xing he fu za xing 。jin yi bu tan jiu xian shi ,ya re dai ba ku chong se su pao 、xin ba ku chong lei se su pao ji pian ao zhou su ti chong lei nian ye pao zai ding wei yu biao mo qian ,jun jing li xiang shi yu di deng lei qun she chu bao qi de xi bao zhi nang pao nei fa yo 、yun shu 、tuo li nang pao de guo cheng ,zhe ke neng shi qian mao chong bu tong lei xing she chu bao qi de gong xing 。ling wai ,zong jie le yi you fu mao lei she chu bao qi lei xing yu yu fen zi ji tong de guan ji ,wei di gao she chu bao qi huo pi ceng ke li zhe yi jing dian te zheng zai fen lei xue zhong de quan chong di gong le xi bao qi shui ping de zheng ju zhi chi ,ye wei li ding fu mao lei cun yi jie yuan di gong le xian suo 。
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论文作者分别是来自华东师范大学的董天瑶，发表于刊物华东师范大学2019-07-02论文，是一篇关于皮层颗粒论文,超微结构论文,色素泡论文,类黏液泡论文,分类学论文,华东师范大学2019-07-02论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自华东师范大学2019-07-02论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：皮层颗粒论文; 超微结构论文; 色素泡论文; 类黏液泡论文; 分类学论文; 华东师范大学2019-07-02论文;