言语交际中刻意曲解的语用研究

论文摘要

刻意曲解(deliberate misinterpretation)就是在会话交际中,语言使用者为了达到某种目的,有意利用某种特殊的语境和对方话语中含糊的、不确定的表达方式,歪曲对方的话语意图,以便达到某种交际效果(何自然、申智奇2004)。它不同于误解中的无意信息的传递。本文以Sperber & Wilson的关联理论、Verschueren的语言顺应理论和礼貌原则为理论基础,借鉴国内外学者对于误解和刻意曲解的研究成果,集中研究了以下两个方面的问题:刻意曲解的分类和形成机制。结合关联理论关于明示意义和隐含意义的基本看法,本文选取意义标准,把刻意曲解归纳成两大类:对话语明示意义的曲解和对话语的隐含意义的曲解,其中明示意义分为命题意义的曲解和指称意义的曲解,隐含意义分为间接言语行为的曲解和会话含意的曲解。对刻意曲解的形成机制的研究是本文的重点,本文认为导致刻意曲解产生的根源有两个方面:一是说话人的话语,一是听话人的心理,其前提是说话双方背景知识的共有性。说话人的话语根源主要表现为话语意义的不确定和含糊,听话人的心理根源是指影响听话人调用语境假设的某些特定心理,主要与其所处的社会地位和其交际需求有关,主要包括:自我调节心理、自我保护心理、获取特殊交际效果心理以及建立和谐的人际关系心理。本文研究的主要成果在于对刻意曲解的分类及其形成机制,这有助于加深我们对于这一语言现象的理解,同时也有助于言语交际,而且对于整个语用学理论也很有价值。通过对刻意曲解的分类可以加深我们对整个语用意义的认识;通过对刻意曲解形成机制的揭示,可以加深我们对于整个语用机制的理解,同时也为人们进行更为有效的交流提供了参考。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• 1.1 The definition of deliberate misinterpretation
• 1.2 The rationale of the study
• 1.3 The objectives of the study
• 1.4 Data collection and methodology
• 1.5 Outline of the thesis
• Chapter 2. Literature Review
• 2.1 Related-studies of deliberate misinterpretation
• 2.1.1 The study of deliberate misinterpretation from perspective of misunderstanding
• 2.1.1.1 Weigand’s planned misunderstanding
• 2.1.1.2 Dascal’s non-standard misunderstanding
• 2.1.1.3 Fisher’s fake-failure understanding
• 2.1.1.4 Tzanne’s intentional misunderstanding
• 2.1.1.5 Zong Shihai’s research on misunderstanding
• 2.1.2 The study of deliberate misinterpretation from perspective of logic
• 2.1.3 The study of deliberate misinterpretation from perspective of rhetoric
• 2.2 Specific studies of deliberate misinterpretation
• 2.3 Achievements and limitations of the past researches
• Chapter 3. Theoretical Background
• 3.1 Relevance theory
• 3.1.1 The introduction of relevance theory
• 3.1.2 Relevance theory and utterance interpretation
• 3.2 Linguistic adaptation theory
• 3.3 Face theory and politeness principle
• Chapter 4 The Classification of Deliberate Misinterpretation
• 4.1 Deliberate misinterpretation of propositions
• 4.1.1 Polysemy
• 4.1.2 Homophones
• 4.2 Deliberate misinterpretation of deictic expression
• 4.3 Deliberate misinterpretation of indirect speech acts
• 4.4 Deliberate misinterpretation of conversational implicatures
• Chapter 5 Generative Mechanism of DMI
• 5.1 Prerequisite—mutuality of speaker and hearer
• 5.2 Speaker’s utterance —Indeterminacy of the meaning or the fuzziness of the language
• 5.3 Psychological root of deliberate misinterpretation
• 5.3.1 Self-adaptation mentality and DMI
• 5.3.1.1.A daptation to emotions
• 5.3.1.2.A daptation to social settings
• 5.3.1.3.A daptation to social norms
• 5.3.2 Self-protection mentality and DMI
• 5.3.3 Special-communicative-effect-achieving mentality and DMI
• 5.3.3.1.C reating humorous effects
• 5.3.3.2.C reating ironic effects
• 5.3.3.3.C reating eye-catching effects
• 5.3.4 Relationship-improving mentality and DMI
• 5.3.4.1. Breaking a deadlock
• 5.3.4.2.R esolving interpersonal conflicts
• 5.3.4.3.M aintaining interpersonal harmony
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Major findings
• 6.2 Implications of the present study
• 6.3 Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research
• Bibliography